Extraction, Characterization, and Structure of a Novel Heteropolysaccharide from Lepidium sativum and Its Effects on Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

The present study undertakes the extraction of a novel polysaccharide from Lepidium sativum (PLS) and the determination of its physicochemical composition and antioxidant properties, as well as its potential wound healing activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This polysaccharide presented a lighter natural color, whose luminosity ( L ∗ ), red-green intensity ( a ∗ ), and blue-yellow intensity ( b ∗ ) were recorded at 63.26, 5.87, and 27.28, respectively. The PLS was structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV spectrum, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), nuclear resonance magnetic (NMR), and high-pressure gel filtration chromatography. The FT-IR and UV spectra showed the characteristic band of polysaccharides. According to HPLC, the crude PLS is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, xylose, and galactose. Results obtained by 1H NMR indicated that PLS consisted of three monosaccharide residues with α and β anomers. This novel polysaccharide had an average molecular weight of 98.51 kDa and displayed potential antioxidant activities determined through three different assays: scavenging activity against 2,2 ′ -azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, and reducing power. These results strongly support the beneficial effects of the PLS to accelerate wound healing in diabetic rats. Indeed, its application significantly increased wound contraction percentage ( 98 ± 1.11 % ) after 14 days of experiment. Furthermore, the histological assessment of the PLS-treated group demonstrated complete reepithelialized wounds by accelerating collagen synthesis. In general, the findings affirmed that PLS is efficient on wound closure in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Novel garden cress-fish gelatin based ointment: Improvement of skin wound healing in rats through modulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant states

“…Garden cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) is one of medicinal plants of the cruciferae family. Originating from the Mediterranean region, this plant is now widely distributed across various parts of the world and is commonly cultivated as a culinary vegetable [ 8 ]. The L. sativum seeds are commonly used as an effective remedy for various diseases, including inflammation, arthritis, hypertension, bronchitis, hepatotoxicity, cancer and diabetes [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Indeed, the seeds extract contained high amounts of volatile compounds and different antioxidants components, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids and glucosinolates. In the same context, many works illustrated that seeds and leaves contained volatile oils and polysaccharides that could be used in various therapeutic modalities [ 7 , 8 , 11 ]. Particularly, these characteristics encourage the scientific researchers to examine the effect of L. sativum seeds extract on wound healing treatment.…”