Extraction and Visualization of 3d Building Models in Urban Areas for Flood Simulation

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Floods pose a risk that is likely to worsen in the future due to climate change. Therefore, it is essential that decision makers and domain experts have the tools to evaluate the effects of floods. We developed a tool that visualizes the earth and buildings in three dimensions to simulate floods so that effective strategies can be developed to enhance resilience and mitigate the effects of floods. We opted to use open standards and free and open source software (FOSS) for Web to maximize interoperability, replicability, reusability, and accessibility. As a result of the literature review, we decided to use CityGML and CesiumJS for three-dimensional geospatial data visualization. However, as CityGML data is not available for the cities that our project focuses on, we developed software called shp2city that converts Esri shapefile to CityGML data in LOD1 or LOD2. Moreover, as CityGML data cannot be immediately used with CesiumJS, we used 3DCityDB to store, represent, and manage the CityGML data; 3DCityDB Importer/Exporter to export the CityGML data in KML/COLLADA/glTF format to be used within the 3DCityDB Web-Map-Client that is based on CesiumJS for visualization. Finally, we simulated floods to aid in the informed decision-making process regarding adaptation measures and mitigation of flooding effects.</p>

The Spatial Data Infrastructure of an Urban Digital Twin in the Building Energy Domain Using Ogc Standards

“…This allows a 3D geospatial dataset to be represented on the web, built upon the foundation of the web technologies HTML5 and WebGL (Feng et al, 2011). In the context of the urban data platform, the 3D city models in CityGML format have been used as an essential part of the spatial data infrastructure (Kolbe et al, 2005) and visualized on the web in 3D Tiles format (Kilsedar et al, 2019). In this research, we focus on the use of the Cesium JavaScript (CesiumJS) 3 open-source WebGL JavaScript library.…”

Multidimensional Visualization and Processing of Big Open Urban Geospatial Data on the Web

“…The ImageryLayer and WebMapTileServiceImageryProvider classes of CesiumJS were used by the client to make requests to the WMTS implementation of GeoServer and place the retrieved tiled imagery on the virtual globe. More information was given by [66]. Figure 4 summarizes the software used and their interactions to clarify the content given above.…”

Urban Geo Big Data

“…On the opposite, within the Urban GEO BIG DATA project, the choice was that of developing multidimensional viewer based on existing open source virtual globes. Among the different available systems, the most mature are at the moment NASA World Wind (Brovelli and The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-4/W14, 2019FOSS4G 2019-Academic Track, 26-30 August 2019, Bucharest, Romania Zamboni, 2012Brovelli et al, 2013;Valentini et al, 2014;Brovelli et al, 2016;Kilsedar et al, 2019) and CesiumJS.…”