Extraction and Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles (SiNPs) from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash: A Mini-Review

Abstract

This current study reviews the utilization of the traditional extraction methods and latest findings in extraction of silica from agricultural wastes, in particular, sugarcane bagasse, using inorganic acids to produce nano-silicon. The three key processes discussed in detail include electrochemical, ball milling, and sol–gel processes. The sugarcane bagasse has been identified as the cheapest source of producing silica from the potential raw material for the preparation of nano-silicon. The acid-base extraction and precipitation methodology involves the use of bases like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), and acids such as hydrofluoric acid (HF), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) for the treatment of the ash. Sugarcane bagasse has notably emerged as an excellent and sustainable source of both tailored silica particles and bioenergy production. The ability to manipulate the engineered silica particles at the nano-level from sugarcane bagasse-based silica is explained in detail. Silica is a significant raw material with various industrial applications, with much research underway to extract it efficiently from industrial agro-waste, such as sugarcane bagasse. The production of highly pure silicon nanoparticles from sugarcane bagasse ash will serve as an important synthetic route in lowering the manufacturing costs and providing a low-cost polycrystalline silicon semiconductor for niche application in thin film solar technology.

Green synthesis of silica and silicon from agricultural residue sugarcane bagasse ash – a mini review

“…Reproduced with permission from MDPI @2022. 25 usage and cost-effective compared to chemical synthesis, and the biosynthesis of nanomaterials through exploiting agricultural wastes is rational when compared. There are two basic methods for converting biomass to bio-products; conversion pathways are bio-chemical and thermochemical.…”

“…Reproduced with permission from MDPI@2022. 25 all be used to reduce SiO 2 to Si. Mg, Ca, Al, and Ti are metallic metals that can reduce SiO 2 at a lower temperature and produce condensed phase products.…”

Biogenic silver-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for multifunctional eco-designed textile printing

“…It was then precipitated again by neutralizing it to pH 7 with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (Eq. 3) [34].…”

Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash: An Agricultural Residue with Potential Rubber Filler Applications

“…For modified application of silane coupling agent, Bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] Tetrasulfide (TESPT), in the SCBA-Natural Rubber interaction, SCBA particles were homogenously dispersed in the NR matrix, from the method reported in [13,14]. The samples with a significant amount (phr) of SCBA were studied to understand and aim for greater interfacial adhesion within the treatments.…”

“…Although, they incorporated high content of N-cyclihexyl-2-benzothiazole sulphonamide (CBS), which, in spite of improving the crosslinks sections and the mechanical resistance of the composites, significantly minimized their life time. Traditionally, the alkaline treatment is utilized followed by a strong acid for neutralization to produce silica gel, as illustrated below [13][14][15]:…”