Extraction and Purification of Quercitrin, Hyperoside, Rutin, and Afzelin from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Leaves Using an Aqueous Two‐Phase System

Abstract

In this study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on ethanol/NaH2 PO4 was developed for the extraction and purification of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. These 4 flavonoids were 1st extracted from dried Z. bungeanum leaves using a 60% ethanol solution and subsequently added to the ATPS for further purification. The partition behavior of the 4 flavonoids in ATPS was investigated. The optimal ATPS conditions were: 29% (w/w) NaH2 PO4 , 25% (w/w) ethanol concentration, 1% (w/w) added amount of leaf extracts, no pH adjustment, and repeated 1 h extractions at 25 °C. Under the optimal conditions for the 10 g ATPS, the absolute recovery of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin reached 90.3%, 83.5%, 92.3%, and 89.1%, respectively. Compared to the 60% ethanol extracts, the content of quercitrin (44.8 mg/g), hyperoside (65.6 mg/g), rutin (56.4 mg/g), and afzelin (6.84 mg/g) in the extracts increased by 49.9%, 38.8%, 45.6%, and 36.8% respectively. The extracts after ATPS also exhibited stronger antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl IC50 value (10.5 μg/mL) decreased by 41.8%, and the 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt value (966 μmol Trolox/g) and ferric reducing power value (619 μmol Trolox/g) increased by 29.8% and 53.7%, respectively. Furthermore, scale-up experiments indicated that a larger scale experiment was feasible for the purification of the 4 flavonoids.

Simultaneous Enrichment and Separation of Four Flavonoids from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Leaves by Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resins with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities

“…Under the optimum conditions, the contents of the four main flavonoids in the purified products were approximately two to three times higher than those in the crude extracts, and the antioxidant activity significantly increased after UAE and MAR treatment. In addition, compared with our previous study (He et al, 2016) of aqueous 2-phase extraction (ATPE), it was found that the four main flavonoids were enriched significantly and that the antioxidant activities were obviously improved compared with ATPE. In the end, the procedures of separation used in this study are simple, highly efficient, environmentally friendly, low cost and easy to scale up.…”

Variation in the Phenolic Compounds Profile and Antioxidant Activity in Different Parts of Hawthorn (Crataegus pentagyna Willd.) During Harvest Periods

“…The content of hyperoside, the most abundant fl avonol glycoside (4.54-2.68 mg/g dry weight), decreased from May to August, and then slightly increased in September. This increase in the content of hyperoside may be related to a drop in temperature [He et al, 2016].…”

Wound-healing activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim seed oil on experimentally burned rats

“…[ 13 ] The flavonoids were mainly composed of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin and displayed free radical scavenging activity. [ 40 ] The alkamide fraction, identified as the tingling principles of this plant, was rich in α-sanshool, hydroxy-β-sanshool, and hydroxy-γ-sanshool and displayed anti-itching and anti-wrinkles activities. [ 41 ] Yang et al .…”