Extraction and identification methods of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural soil: A review

Cao, Jiashun; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Gao, Xiaodong; Li, Zhang; Hu, Qi; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112997

Cited by 82 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Although compared to previous works (Table S4), our approach achieved a relatively low limit of detections (LODs) and quantifications (LOQs) of PVC, PS, and PET based on Pyr-GC-MS/MS (Table S5), the selected molecules, which represented thermally decomposed MPs in GC-MS, may have presented in the original components of PM 2.5 (Table S6). The existence of benzene/chlorobenzene, styrene, and benzoic acid, which were the indicator ions for PVC, PS, and PET in current work, respectively, have been confirmed in PM 2.5 and air. , Therefore, if these MPs want to be accurately detected in PM 2.5 using Pyr-GC-MS/MS, additional sample treatments might be needed, like density flotation, electrostatic separation, and alkaline/acid digestion. − Yet, after direct pyrogenic decomposition of PM 2.5 samples, 1-octene could be used as the unique molecule indicator for the determination of PE-MP in GC-MS (Figure and Figure S1). The other pyrolytic product, 1-hexene, of PE-MP was also detected (Table S5), but its instrumental response was relatively low (Figure S2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM_2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Luo

Bai

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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The broad application of plastic products has resulted in a considerable release of microplastics (MPs) into the ecosystem. While MPs in other environmental matrices (e.g., soil and water) have been studied for a long time, the atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )bound MPs are rarely investigated due to the lack of an appropriate analytical approach. The prevalently used visual and spectroscopic means (e.g., optical microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) suffer from obvious drawbacks that cannot precisely detect MPs of tiny sizes and provide quantitative information. In the present study, a novel strategy that does not require sample pretreatment was developed to first effectuate accurate quantification of polyethylene MP (PE-MP) in PM 2.5 based on pyrolysis-gas chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC-MS/MS). It featured acceptable recoveries (97%−110%), high sensitivity (LOD = 1 pg), and qualified precisions (RSD of 3%−13%). Employing this approach, for the first time, exact atmospheric concentrations of PE-MPs in PM 2.5 from megacities in North (Zhengzhou and Taiyuan) and South (Guangzhou) China were obtained, and relatively serious pollution was found in Taiyuan. The 100% sample detection rates also suggested the widespread occurrence and possible human exposure risks of PM 2.5 -bound PE-MPs. In brief, the new strategy could conduct direct, sensitive, and accurate quantification of PE-MP in PM 2.5 , favoring further studies of environmental fates, distributions, and toxicities of atmospheric MPs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM_2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Luo

Bai

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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“…Concluding, notwithstanding that science has proven that MPs exist as a global problem, there are some important research gaps mainly concerning human health [37]. For this reason, there is also the need for a global, generalized, easy, and ecofriendly common protocol for the extraction and identification of MPs/NPs, starting from the air and soil [171] and moving onward to the rest of the food samples, such as honey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey Quality and Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging: A Potential Threat for Consumer Health?

et al. 2022

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In ancient Greece, people said that “honey is the Food of the Gods”, and they were right. They believed that honey fell from the sky, with the morning dew, on the flowers and leaves, and from this point, the bees collected it. Honey is one of the most nutritious food products, which can be found in most homes. A lot of honey products are stored in different types of packaging materials, including plastics. Plastic packaging has been studied for the migration of plasticizers, chemical compounds, and MPs and NPs in foodstuffs. Most of them have been achieved through food simulations, while some studies managed to detect and isolate MPs/NPs. Recent studies presented evidence for the presence of MPs/NPs in honey products but not directly connected to food packaging or to the different types of honey and their properties (viscosity, pH value, and moisture content) or their storing conditions (temperature, humidity, light, and time). Spectroscopic and analytical techniques like Raman, FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS are in the foreground for MP/NP detection and identification, but a universal way of isolation, detection, characterization, and quantification has not yet been found. This leaves an open field for more work to be done to clarify the factors affecting the migration of plastic packaging material in honey.

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“…Methods for measuring microplastics in solid organic matrices such as these typically involve a sequence of steps aimed at isolating, identifying, and characterizing the microplastics in each sample (Ruggero et al., 2020). Isolation methods include flotation, elutriation, centrifugation, digestion (with e.g., H 2 O 2 , Fenton's reagent), and sieving (Junhao et al., 2021; Ruggero et al., 2020). Identification methods include fluorescence microscopy, thermal degradation (e.g., TED–GC–MS, PY–GC–MS), spectroscopy (e.g., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman) and visual analysis (with or without light microscopy) (Junhao et al., 2021; Ruggero et al., 2020).…”

Section: Microplastic Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation methods include flotation, elutriation, centrifugation, digestion (with e.g., H 2 O 2 , Fenton's reagent), and sieving (Junhao et al., 2021; Ruggero et al., 2020). Identification methods include fluorescence microscopy, thermal degradation (e.g., TED–GC–MS, PY–GC–MS), spectroscopy (e.g., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman) and visual analysis (with or without light microscopy) (Junhao et al., 2021; Ruggero et al., 2020). It is common for multiple isolation and identification methodologies to be combined in series (Ruggero et al., 2020).…”

Section: Microplastic Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes: A review

et al. 2023

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Diverting food waste from landfills to composting or anaerobic digestion can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enable the recovery of energy in usable forms, and create nutrient-rich soil amendments. However, many food waste streams are mixed with plastic packaging, raising concerns that food waste-derived composts and digestates may inadvertently introduce microplastics into agricultural soils. Research on the occurrence of microplastics in food waste-derived soil amendments is in an early phase and the relative importance of this potential pathway of microplastics to agricultural soils needs further clarification. In this paper, we review what is known and what is not known about the abundance of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and their effects on agricultural soils. Additionally, we highlight future research needs and suggest ways to harmonize microplastic abundance and ecotoxicity studies with the design of related policies. This review is novel in that it focuses on quantitative measures of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and discusses limitations of existing methods and implications for policy.

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Extraction and identification methods of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural soil: A review

Cited by 82 publications

References 146 publications

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM_2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM_2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Honey Quality and Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging: A Potential Threat for Consumer Health?

Microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes: A review

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Extraction and identification methods of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural soil: A review

Cited by 82 publications

References 146 publications

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Honey Quality and Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging: A Potential Threat for Consumer Health?

Microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes: A review

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A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM_2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A Novel Strategy to Directly Quantify Polyethylene Microplastics in PM_2.5 Based on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry