Extraction and Evaluation of some Phytochemcial and Physicochemical properties of Hibiscus rosasinensis mucilage
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Background: Trapa natans L., is annual aquatic plant generally kwon as Water caltrp, Water chest nut belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family. Trapa natans L is use for the treatment of wide no of diseases without proper standardization. Objective: To give the right pharmacognostical and photochemical information of the Trapanatan L leaves. In this study pharmacognostical investigation of the fresh leaves and powder drug were done to determine the macroscopical, microscopical, quantitative physicochemical and phytochemical property of the drugs. Method: Macroscopical, quantitative and qualitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, extractive value, florescence analysis and phytochemical analysis were done according to the WHO guideline. Result: Macroscopical analysis showed that, leaves are greenish to purplish color, rhomboidal shape; alternate, acute, margin is dentate, pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation showed that leaf is dorsi ventral in nature, upper layer epidermis cells were covered with cuticle layer. Single layer of barrel shape cell were present bellow the upper epidermis layer. Trichomes are generally multicellular. Anomocytic stomata were observed in upper epidermis. From the experiment it was found that methanolic extract give the highest extractive value. Phytochemical analysis gives the evidence for the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannin, and triterpenoids. Qualitative phytochemical analysis give the evidence for presence of high amount total phenolic content. Conclusion: Different pharmacognostical parameters assessed in this examination help to detection and standardization of Trapa natans L., leaves.
Background: Trapa natans L., is annual aquatic plant generally kwon as Water caltrp, Water chest nut belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family. Trapa natans L is use for the treatment of wide no of diseases without proper standardization. Objective: To give the right pharmacognostical and photochemical information of the Trapanatan L leaves. In this study pharmacognostical investigation of the fresh leaves and powder drug were done to determine the macroscopical, microscopical, quantitative physicochemical and phytochemical property of the drugs. Method: Macroscopical, quantitative and qualitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, extractive value, florescence analysis and phytochemical analysis were done according to the WHO guideline. Result: Macroscopical analysis showed that, leaves are greenish to purplish color, rhomboidal shape; alternate, acute, margin is dentate, pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation showed that leaf is dorsi ventral in nature, upper layer epidermis cells were covered with cuticle layer. Single layer of barrel shape cell were present bellow the upper epidermis layer. Trichomes are generally multicellular. Anomocytic stomata were observed in upper epidermis. From the experiment it was found that methanolic extract give the highest extractive value. Phytochemical analysis gives the evidence for the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannin, and triterpenoids. Qualitative phytochemical analysis give the evidence for presence of high amount total phenolic content. Conclusion: Different pharmacognostical parameters assessed in this examination help to detection and standardization of Trapa natans L., leaves.
Novel drug delivery systems are designed to ensure continuous delivery of drugs in predictable and reproducible kinetics over prolonged time. Buccal drug delivery system localizes the delivery of drug to tissues in the oral cavity for treatment of bacterial and fungal infection as in various periodontal diseases. This study aimed to formulate buccal film of rabeprazole drug with Hibiscus rosasinensis mucilage and Basil leaves extract. It improves therapeutic efficacy, patient compliance and the bioavailability. The present formulation targets oral ulcers that will remain in the application site for a longer period and minimizing the side effects. rabeprazole sodium, Hibiscus rosasinensis mucilage and Basil leaves extract was used for Pharmacological activity and incorporated into the buccal film prepared by solvent casting method. In the present study six formulations of rabeprazole alone and in combination with Hibiscus rosasinensis mucilage and Basil leaves extract were prepared as buccal films, by solvent casting technique. Six The F1–F6 formulations contain rabeprazole sodium, Hibiscus rosasinensis mucilage, Basil leaves HPMC, Polyvinyl alcohol, Sodium alginate, and Propylene glycol and Distilled water. Prepared film was evaluated for different parameter including pH, thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture uptake and moisture content, swellability, drug content, tensile strength, in vitro drug release and stability studies. The Formulation F3was considered as ideal film with maximum release of 98.90%. F3 shows maximum disintegration time of 25 min, tensile strength of 6.98. The drug content of the formulation F3 was found to be 98.47%. The maximum moisture content showed in F4 and minimum in F2. Stability of this film was also monitored for 2 months without having any signs of deterioration, difference in pH, drug content and drug release. This study demonstrates the prospective use of buccal films as a viable and alternative approach for effective delivery of rabeprazole in treatment of Oral ulcers.
Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation Trapa natans Linn. Leaves
Background: Water caltrop (Singara), a plant belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family is an essential medicinal herb used in Ayurvedic preparations. Due to its unique characteristics and therapeutic properties. It is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries. Taiwan, China and areas of Southeast Asia are home to Singara. Objective: To study the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of leaves of Trapa natans Linn. to establish the salient diagnostic features for the leaf. Methods: Macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical evaluation, detection of inorganic constituents, fluorescence analysis, extractive value and phytochemical analysis were performed. Extraction was performed by using different solvent such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and distill water. Results: Macroscopicaly leaves were rhomboid, fan-shaped, and serrated on the edges, measuring 2-6.5cm in diameter, broader than long, denticulate, denate, serrate, or incised with whole base, sharp apex, and thickly pubescent or villous beneath. Microscopically leaf shows abundant multicellular covering trichomes, anomocytic stomata, crystal, starch, aerenchyma cell, xylem and phloem. The result of physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, loss on drying (moisture content), total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value were found to be 0.2%w/w, 6.5%w/w, 8.5%w/w, 2.5%w/w, 4.5%w/w, 5.6%w/w, 3.2%w/w respectively. Qualitative tests of inorganic elements confirmed the presence of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphate, phosphate and carbonate. The result of fluorescence analysis showed that in visible light, the leaves powder exhibit various shades of brown and green fluorescence. Various shades of green, brown and black were found under UV light. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of various extracts using different solvents confirmed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, carbohydrates and glycoside respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the presences of various phytoconstituents in Trapa natans Linn. leaves may be medicinally useful. Also the results can be helpful in setting some diagnostic indices for identification, authentication and preparation of the monograph of the leaf of the plant.
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