Extraction and Determination of Plasticizers from Cellulose Acetate Plastics

Characterising plasticised cellulose acetate-based historic artefacts by NMR spectroscopy: A new approach for quantifying the degree of substitution and diethyl phthalate contents

“…In general, measurements from selected thermally aged materials suggest that a portion of any plasticiser lost during the initial stages of ageing may have been re-absorbed at longer ageing times as the system approached equilibration. This has been particularly indicated by a slight trend of increase in content observed between 14 and 120 days (see entries [19][20][21] by both analytical techniques.…”

“…Different analytical methods have been proposed for investigating plasticiser loss from CA based materials, for which diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate and their mixtures are commonly used as external plasticisers [13][14][15]. Usually, suitable solvents are employed to extract and separate plasticisers from the CA polymer matrix, allowing for the analysis of the solvent-plasticiser solution by either high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13], gas chromatography [16][17][18] or gravimetry [19]. Alternatively, the weight loss from the polymer phase after extraction has also been used to quantify plasticiser contents [20,21].…”

Preservation of documents by lamination

“…The amount of plasticizer in the two commercial films was determined by the method of Whitnack and Gantz [13] using 50: 50 absolute ethyl alcohol and n-hexane in a semimicro Soxhlet extractor. Film number 4 contained 26-percent plasticizer, and film number 7 contained 29 percent plasticizer.…”

“…Plasticizer content shall be determined by the method of Whitnack and Gantz [13]. A value for total plasticizer is sufficient.…”

Coatings

“…for 1 hour. Whitnack and Gantz (63) extract plasticizers quantitatively from cellulose acetate plastics, using a 1 to 1 mixture of Skellysolve B and absolute ethyl alcohol in a semimicro-Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Haslam and Squirrell (22), in determining the o-tolyl ester content in tritoly] phosphate, isolate the mixed cresols from the ester, and condense the cresols with benzaldehyde in sulfuric acid medium.…”