Extraction and comparison of cellulose nanocrystals from lemon (Citrus limon) seeds using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and oxidation methods

Zhang, Huan; Chen, Yuan; Wang, Shanshan; Ma, Liang; Yu, Yong; Dai, Hongjie; Zhang, Yuhao

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116180

Cited by 145 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The higher ZP value produced strong electrostatic repulsive forces between the CNCs, reduced the light scattering of the CNCs, and hindered their aggregation [ 31 ]. Generally, a stable suspension of nanocellulose shows a zeta potential value lower than −25.0 mV [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decreased degradation temperature of the CNCs may be related to their greater surface area compared to the original fibers [ 43 ]. Moreover, the decreased degradation temperature may be due to the disruption of hydrogen bonding in the original cellulose upon the addition of the carboxyl group [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The APS oxidation method produces nanocellulose with a –COOH surface charge [ 14 ]. This method produces CNCs with a higher thermal stability than conventional hydrolysis with sulfuric acid [ 15 , 16 ]. However, compared to other methods (acid hydrolysis and TEMPO oxidation), the APS oxidation method produces a lower surface charge [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ammonium persulfate’s (APS) oxidation time on the characteristics of the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) of balsa and kapok fibers after delignification pretreatment with sodium chlorite/acetic acid. This two-step method is important for increasing the zeta potential value and achieving higher thermal stability. The fibers were partially delignified using acidified sodium chlorite for four cycles, followed by APS oxidation at 60 °C for 8, 12, and 16 h. The isolated CNCs with a rod-like structure showed an average diameter in the range of 5.5–12.6 nm and an aspect ratio of 14.7–28.2. Increasing the reaction time resulted in a gradual reduction in the CNC dimensions. The higher surface charge of the balsa and kapok CNCs was observed at a longer oxidation time. The CNCs prepared from kapok had the highest colloid stability after oxidation for 16 h (−62.27 mV). The CNCs with higher crystallinity had longer oxidation times. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CNCs with a higher thermal stability had longer oxidation times. All of the parameters were influenced by the oxidation time. This study indicates that APS oxidation for 8–16 h can produce CNCs from delignified balsa and kapok with satisfactory zeta potential values and thermal stabilities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

et al. 2021

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“…For instance, CNC isolated from lemon seeds effectively stabilised Pickering emulsions with no droplet flocculation for up to 7 days of storage 20 . Other previous research includes successful emulsion stabilisation with CNC from defatted rice bran, 14 pistachio shell 13 and asparagus 20 . The stabilisation mechanism is possible on account of interfacial adsorption, electrostatic stabilisation, interfacial network formation and shape anisotropy 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous research, it was reported that CNC isolated from various origins exhibits great emulsifying capacity 19 . For instance, CNC isolated from lemon seeds effectively stabilised Pickering emulsions with no droplet flocculation for up to 7 days of storage 20 . Other previous research includes successful emulsion stabilisation with CNC from defatted rice bran, 14 pistachio shell 13 and asparagus 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of palm (Elaeis oleifera) pressed fibre cellulose nanocrystals via cation exchange resin: characterisation and evaluation as Pickering emulsifier

Soo

Tang

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Palm pressed fibre (PPF) is a cellulose‐rich biomass residue produced during palm oil extraction. Its high cellulose content allows the isolation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). CNC has attracted scientific interest due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and low cost. The present study isolated CNC from PPF using a cation exchange resin, which is an environmentally friendly and less harsh hydrolysis method than conventional mineral acid hydrolysis. Isolated CNC was used to stabilise an oil‐in‐water emulsion and the emulsion stability was evaluated in terms of droplet size, morphology and physical stability. RESULTS PPF was subjected to alkali and bleach treatment prior to hydrolysis, which successfully removed 54% and 75% of non‐cellulosic components (hemicellulose and lignin, respectively). Hydrolysis conditions of 5 h, 15:1 (w/w) resin‐to‐pulp ratio and 50 °C produced CNC particles of 50–100 nm in length. CNC had a crystallinity index of 42% and appeared rod‐like morphologically. CNC‐stabilised emulsion had better stability when used in combination with soy lecithin (SL), a well‐established, commonly used food stabiliser. Emulsion stabilised by the binary mixture of CNC and SL had droplet size, morphology and physical stability comparable to those of emulsion stabilised using SL. CONCLUSIONS CNC was successfully isolated from PPF through a cation exchange resin. This offers an alternative usage for the underutilised PPF to be converted into value‐added products. Isolated CNC was also found to have promising potential in the stabilisation of Pickering emulsions. These results provide useful information indicating CNC as a natural and sustainable stabiliser for food, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) and Nanocrystals (CNC)

Chen,

Ghosh

2024

Nanocellulose

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Extraction and comparison of cellulose nanocrystals from lemon (Citrus limon) seeds using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and oxidation methods

Cited by 145 publications

References 67 publications

Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

Preparation of palm (Elaeis oleifera) pressed fibre cellulose nanocrystals via cation exchange resin: characterisation and evaluation as Pickering emulsifier

Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) and Nanocrystals (CNC)

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