Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Eragrostis Teff Straw

Abstract

This work presents the extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from agricultural waste (Eragrostis Teff) straw. The proximate analysis of the straw was done with three triplicates and the average value was recorded. The moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content were 6.4%, 5.1%, 74.2%, and 15.6%, respectively. The extractives, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose content were found to be 8.5%, 17.5%, 29.5%, 36.5%, respectively. The cellulose was extracted from teff straw by hot water treatment, acid-chlorite delignification, and alkaline hydrolysis process respectively. The values of process parameters such as temperature, time, and sodium hydroxide concentration for alkaline hydrolysis were 57.6 \(℃\) , 1hour, and 4(w/v) % respectively to obtain a cellulose yield of 78.7%. The nano cellulose particles were extracted from the cellulose by acid hydrolysis process (48%v/v sulfuric acid) at 35\(℃\) for 30 min and the yield was 42.8%. The characterization of nano cellulose was done by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry analysis/ derivative thermogravimetry analysis to determine the functional group, particle size distribution, crystallinity, and thermal stability respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy result shows that the reduction and total removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and other amorphous parts found in teff straw. The average particle size was found to be 101.6 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.047. The crystallinity index of teff straw and nano cellulose was 47.7 and 77.1% respectively. The thermogravimetry analysis shows the thermal stability of the nanocellulose sample was lower than that of cellulose and teff straw samples.

Nanocellulose/Fe3O4/Ag Nanozyme with Robust Peroxidase Activity for Enhanced Antibacterial and Wound Healing Applications

“…Nanocellulose was then obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The percentage yield obtained in this work is higher than previously reported work …”

“…The final residue was oven-dried overnight at 50 °C and was kept for further experiment. Finally, nanocellulose (NC) was extracted according to the previously reported method 33 by hydrolyzing cellulose with sulfuric acid (48% v/v) solution under continuous stirring at 35 °C for 40 min with 1:25 (g: mL) ratio of fiber to the sulfuric acid solution. Then, 10-fold distilled water was added to the mixture to stop the hydrolysis process.…”

"Extraction and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Agricultural Residue-Oil Palm Petiole Fiber "

“…The color of the OPPF was changed as a result of the treatments. The color of alkaline-treated OPPF changed from brown to light brown which is the original color of raw OPPF, and then turned white after the bleaching process due to the removal of hemicellulose and lignin substances [3,4,12].…”

Preliminary Investigation Into Prospective Applications of Nanosilver, Produced Using Teff (Eragostris Tef) Flour Extract

“…Similarly, response surface methodology (RSM) has been resorted to prepare teff straw-based silica nanoparticles in a recent work (Amibo et al, 2022). On the other hand, Bacha and Demsash (2021) had reported the extraction of nanocellulose from teff straw using hot water treatment, acid-chlorite deligni cation, and alkaline hydrolysis process. Barring this, not much has been delved into the use of this extremely prospective bioresource for nanotechnological applications in accordance to the dictates of 'green nanotechnology' which focuses on resorting to preparation of nanomaterials under ambient conditions, use of less toxic reagents and lesser energy expense besides water as the reaction medium.…”