Extraction and Characterization of Keratin from Different Biomasses

Vineis, Claudia; Varesano, Alessio; Varchi, Greta; Aluigi, Annalisa

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_3

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Keratin is the most abundant non-food protein, being the principal component of wool, hair, horns, nails, and feather. Keratin based by-products such as poor quality raw wool (not fit for spinning) deriving from dairy industry, as well as hair and feather from slaughterhouse, account worldwide several million tons per year (Vineis et al, 2019). The disposal of these keratin biomasses represents a problem to be faced because their burning for fuel is inefficient (keratin is selfextinguishing) and polluting (because of the high sulfur content).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratin/Hydrotalcites Hybrid Sponges as Promising Adsorbents for Cationic and Anionic Dyes

Posati

Listwan

Sotgiu

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In this work, keratin sponges were prepared by freeze-drying method and tested for adsorption of Azure A and Methyl Orange dyes. The obtained materials showed a porosity of 99.92% and a mean pore size dimension of about 91 µm. The use of oxidized sucrose with a heating treatment at 150 • C was demonstrated to be a useful crosslinking procedure alternative to the conventional glutaraldehyde. Keratin sponges showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.063 and of 0.037 mmol/g for Azure A and Methyl Orange, respectively. The absorption of the cationic dye Azure A onto keratin sponges was better described by Freundlich model while the isotherm adsorption of the anionic Methyl Orange was found to correlate with both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The mean free energies evaluated by using the D-R model indicated a physisorption of Methyl Orange and a chemisorptions of Azure A onto keratin sponges. Finally, the functionalization of keratin sponges with Zn Al hydrotalcites nanoparticles did not affect the adsorption performances of the adsorbent toward the cationic dye Azure A, while it improved those toward the anionic Methyl Orange, increasing the related removal efficiencies from 43 to 96%. Collectively, the reported data indicates that the combination of keratin with hydrotalcites nanoparticles is a good strategy to obtain more functional adsorbent materials of potential interest for water treatment and purification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratin/Hydrotalcites Hybrid Sponges as Promising Adsorbents for Cationic and Anionic Dyes

Posati

Listwan

Sotgiu

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Keratins are naturally fibrous proteins found in animal tissues, including hair, wool, and horns, characterized by high chemical stability due to the presence of many cysteine residues (7–20%) forming inter and intramolecular disulfide bonds .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soft keratin has low amount of cystine residues, and a few cross‐linking bonds; it is mostly found in hairs, wool, and skin. Hard keratin has a high amount of cystine residues, and it is highly crosslinked; it is largely found in horns, nails, feathers, and fish scales . In addition to this classification, keratins can be classified by their molecular weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this classification, keratins can be classified by their molecular weight. In particular, keratin from wool has two main fractions between 40 and 60 kDa related to the low‐sulfur content intermediate filaments and small bands between 30 and 6 kDa related the amorphous and high‐sulfur inter‐filament proteins . As well as, horns have highly crosslinked high‐molecular weight fractions between 40 and 60 kDa .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, keratin from wool has two main fractions between 40 and 60 kDa related to the low‐sulfur content intermediate filaments and small bands between 30 and 6 kDa related the amorphous and high‐sulfur inter‐filament proteins . As well as, horns have highly crosslinked high‐molecular weight fractions between 40 and 60 kDa . On the other hand, keratin from feathers shows broad low‐molecular weight fractions between 30 and 10 kDa associated to keratins typical of reptiles and birds .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of electrospun keratin nanofiber membranes for air and water treatment

Figoli

Ursino

Ramírez

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Keratin proteins extracted from wool fibers by sulfitolysis were electrospun for the production of active nanofiber membranes (NFMs). The keratin NFMs were composited with nylon woven fabric for improving their mechanical properties as a filtration material. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, pore size, contact angle, and performance of water and air permeability. Experimental data showed that most of investigated parameters were affected by the electrospinning time: that is, roughness rose by increasing the electrospinning time, while the narrowest pore size distribution was obtained at the longest electrospinning time (2 h). The pure water permeability (PWP) was greater for the produced NFMs than for the commercial microfiltration membranes and decreased by increasing the electrospinning time. At the longest electrospinning time, the produced NFMs showed a PWP of about 45.7 m3/m2 h bar, which is a value greater than those obtained by conventional materials used in water filtration, including microfiltration membranes. According to the data of contact angle measurements, the high hydrophobicity of NFMs membranes could reinforce their stability in water. Other potential applications could be venting, adsorption of VOCs, and separation of oils from oil/water emulsions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1472–1478 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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