Extraction and characterization of fructans from non-differentiated garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>L.) and evaluation of its prebiotic effect

Carrillo-Navarrete, Fernando; Mercado-Silva, E.; Rivera-Pastrana, Dulce M.; Nava-Morales, G.M.; Reynoso‐Camacho, Rosalía; Castaño‐Tostado, Eduardo; Vázquez-Barrios, M.E.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1194.141

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…f-Lachnospiraceae has been reported to be associated with anti-inflammatory activity [18], host mucosal integrity [19], the consumption of energy and the level of leptin [20]. Fructan [21,22] and whole garlic [23] have been reported to increase the abundance of f-Lachnospiraceae, but alliin was found to decreased it [24]. In particular, the relative abundance of g-Akkermansia decreased by aging and HFD diet, and increased by 5% AFG supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Chen

Nakasone²,

Xie

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The allicin diallyldisulfid-S-oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic (Allium sativum L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In this study, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract and investigated its effects on gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without AFG in concentrations of 1% and 5% for 11 weeks. The genomic DNAs of feces were used to identify the gut microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the ratio of p-Firmicutes to p-Bacteroidetes increased by aging and HFD was reduced by AFG. In particular, the f-Lachnospiraceae, g-Akkermansia, and g-Lactobacillus decreased by aging and HFD was enhanced by AFG. The g-Dorea increased by aging and HFD decreased by AFG. In addition, the ratio of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase to glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT/GOT) in serum was significantly increased in the HFD group and decreased by AFG. In summary, our data demonstrated that dietary intervention with AFG is a potential way to balance the gut microbiome disturbed by a high-fat diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Chen

Nakasone²,

Xie

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…Moreover, the level of f_ Lachnospiraceae is correlated negatively with the consumption of energy and positively with the level of leptin [53]. Fructan from garlic has been reported to increase the abundance of f_ Lachnospiraceae [54,55]. On the other hand, alliin extracted from garlic was found to decrease the abundance of f_ Lachnospiraceae [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

et al. 2019

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of g_Prevotella. Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.

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“…In garlic, the changes in fructan and sugar metabolisms were correlated with a higher growth rate and shortened crop cycle after clove replanting, and differential degradation or synthesis of fructan may result in the altered availability of simple sugars for the sink during garlic storage [ 37 ]. For example, insufficient cold conditions can significantly affect garlic plant development, causing a modification in the fructan profile and subsequently causing nondifferentiated bulbs, which have no commercial value and represent almost 50% of crop losses [ 38 ]. For example, the storage temperature has a pivotal influence on the chemical composition of garlic cloves, where the storage of garlic cloves at low temperature (5 °C) has been reported to affect the expression of the sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase gene, which is associated with fructan metabolism and consequently with the carbohydrate and total soluble solids content [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, insufficient cold conditions can significantly affect garlic plant development, causing a modification in the fructan profile and subsequently causing nondifferentiated bulbs, which have no commercial value and represent almost 50% of crop losses [ 38 ]. For example, the storage temperature has a pivotal influence on the chemical composition of garlic cloves, where the storage of garlic cloves at low temperature (5 °C) has been reported to affect the expression of the sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase gene, which is associated with fructan metabolism and consequently with the carbohydrate and total soluble solids content [ 38 ]. Our results and previous examples indicated that the fructan content in garlic results from the interaction between the location and genotype [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling in Genetic Resources of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Collected from Different Geographical Regions

et al. 2021

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Garlic (Allium sativum) is the second most important Allium crop that has been used as a vegetable and condiment from ancient times due to its characteristic flavor and taste. Although garlic is a sterile plant that reproduces vegetatively through cloves, garlic shows high biodiversity, as well as phenotypic plasticity and environmental adaptation capacity. To determine the possible mechanism underlying this phenomenon and to provide new genetic materials for the development of a novel garlic cultivar with useful agronomic traits, the metabolic profiles in the leaf tissue of 30 garlic accessions collected from different geographical regions, with a special focus on the Asian region, were investigated using LC/MS. In addition, the total saponin and fructan contents in the roots and cloves of the investigated garlic accessions were also evaluated. Total saponin and fructan contents did not separate the garlic accessions based on their geographical origin, implying that saponin and fructan contents were clone-specific and agroclimatic changes have affected the quantitative and qualitative levels of saponins in garlic over a long history of cultivation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram clustering of the LC/MS-based metabolite profiling showed two major clusters. Specifically, many Japanese and Central Asia accessions were grouped in cluster I and showed high accumulations of flavonol glucosides, alliin, and methiin. On the other hand, garlic accessions grouped in cluster II exhibited a high accumulation of anthocyanin glucosides and amino acids. Although most of the accessions were not separated based on country of origin, the Central Asia accessions were clustered in one group, implying that these accessions exhibited distinct metabolic profiles. The present study provides useful information that can be used for germplasm selection and the development of new garlic varieties with beneficial biotic and abiotic stress-adaptive traits.

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Extraction and characterization of fructans from non-differentiated garlic (Allium sativumL.) and evaluation of its prebiotic effect

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling in Genetic Resources of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Collected from Different Geographical Regions

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