Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Shrimp Shells

Kandile, Nadia G.; Zaky, Howida T.; Mohamed, Mohamed Bakr; Nasr, Abir S.; Ali, Yassmin G.

doi:10.4236/ojopm.2018.83003

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The second most abundant biopolymer on earth is chitin which is N-acetyl- + -glucosamine units linked via β (1 → 4) linkage ( Cheba et al., 2011 ). It is regarded as the major structural component of the exoskeleton of marine zooplankton, including corals, jellyfish, shrimp, crab, prawn, and lobsters ( Kandile et al., 2018 ); besides, the cell wall of fungi and cuticles of insects. The alkaline deacetylation of chitin produces chitosan that is used widely in the food, medicinal, pharmaceutical, textile, agriculture, cosmetics, and water treatment industries ( Al-Manhel et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Different Biopolymers and Their Conventional Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of food waste streams for the production of biopolymers

Ranganathan

Dutta

Moses

et al. 2020

Heliyon

105

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Uncontrolled decomposition of agro-industrial waste leads to extensive contamination of water, land, and air. There is a tremendous amount of waste from various sources which causes serious environmental problems. The concern in the disposal problems has stimulated research interest in the valorization of waste streams. Valorization of the wastes not only reduces the volume of waste but also reduces the contamination to the environment. Waste from food industries has great potential as primary or secondary feedstocks for biopolymer production by extraction or fermentation with pre-treatment or without pre-treatment by solid-state fermentation to obtain fermentable sugars. Various types of waste can be used as substrates for the production of biomaterials but recently more focus has been observed on the agro-industrial wastes which have a high rate of production worldwide. This review collates in detail the different food wastes used for biopolymer, technologies for the production and characterization of the biopolymers, and their economic/technical viability.

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Section: Different Biopolymers and Their Conventional Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of food waste streams for the production of biopolymers

Ranganathan

Dutta

Moses

et al. 2020

Heliyon

105

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“…washed until a clear solution was obtained, and then dried under vacuum. Discoloration was carried out with pure acetone for 24 h. Product was recovered and washed until neutral, then dried (Kandile et al, 2018). Decolorized product was demineralized using 1% citric acid at a ratio of 1 g:10 ml (w/v) for 24 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of biological chitosan against the contamination of post-harvest treatment of strawberries by Aspergillus niger

El-araby

Ghadraoui

Errachidi

2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Developing bioactive food packaging, capable of extending the shelf life of fruits, has received increasing attention in recent years. The present study highlights the interest in post-harvest treatment for strawberries with chitosan as a preservation solution. Chitosan extraction was carried out from shrimp shells (Parapenaeus longirostris), composed of chitin, using citric acid during the demineralization step. Extracted chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of amino group (-NH2) in the obtained chitosan was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectral data. Deacetylation degree (DD), which has a value of 80.86%, was determined by FTIR spectra. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) showed two peaks of crystalline character, characteristic of extracted chitosan, approximately at 20° and 30° (2θ). Extracted chitosan morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and showed a relatively smooth top surface and fibrous structures. Chitosan, acetic acid, and their interaction effects were evaluated on Aspergillus niger mycelial growth strain isolated from spoiled strawberries. Chitosan revealed a strong anti-fungal activity, dose-dependent (from 0 to 3%), on Aspergillus niger mycelial growth, while acetic acid showed moderate anti-fungal activity against the Aspergillus niger strain. Agri-food application was carried out using chitosan solubilized in acetic acid as a post-harvest treatment tool for the prolongation of shelf life of strawberries (by using an experimental design). Coating, with the developed preservative solution, significantly reduced microbial spoilage in strawberries. Treated strawberries retained their initial pigmentation for a longer period when compared to untreated strawberries. The treatment carried out maintained the cellular structures of treated strawberries during the storage period and thus extended the shelf life of strawberries which is considered very susceptible to reduce post-harvest losses.

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“… Structure of chitosan and its preparation from chitin. Adapted from Yassmin G. Saleh et al [ 121 ], Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education ASU, 2016. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan

et al. 2021

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Posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) including age macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are amongst the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Due to the numerous barriers encountered, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections represent the primary route to deliver drugs to the posterior eye tissues. Thus, the potential of a more patient friendly topical route has been widely investigated. Mucoadhesive formulations can decrease precorneal clearance while prolonging precorneal residence. Thus, they are expected to enhance the chances of adherence to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and as such, enable increased delivery to the posterior eye segment. Among the mucoadhesive polymers available, chitosan is the most widely explored due to its outstanding mucoadhesive characteristics. In this review, the major PSEDs, their treatments, barriers to topical delivery, and routes of topical drug absorption to the posterior eye are presented. To enable the successful design of mucoadhesive ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDSs), an overview of mucoadhesion, its theory, characterization, and considerations for ocular mucoadhesion is given. Furthermore, chitosan-based DDs that have been explored to promote topical drug delivery to the posterior eye segment are reviewed. Finally, challenges of successful preclinical to clinical translation of these DDSs for posterior eye drug delivery are discussed.

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Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Shrimp Shells

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Utilization of food waste streams for the production of biopolymers

Utilization of food waste streams for the production of biopolymers

Usage of biological chitosan against the contamination of post-harvest treatment of strawberries by Aspergillus niger

Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan

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