Extraction and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzo[a]pyrene metabolites in microalgae cultures by off-line/on-line methodology based on matrix solid-phase dispersion, solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography

Chlorophyll catalyse the photo-transformation of carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene in water

“…4b ), which was in good accordance to previous results that only a small amount of BaP (only 2%) was transformed into monohydroxyl BaP by live cells of S. capricornutum 46 , and the microalgae metabolizes BaP to cis -dihydrodiols preferentially via the dioxygenation route instead of monooxygenation 11 46 . The concentrations of BaP metabolites in all treatments except controls decreased over time, similar declining trends were also reported by Olmos-Espejel and co-workers 47 on BaP- cis -4,5-diol. It might be ascribed to the conjugation of BaP metabolites by S. capricornutum (71% of BaP metabolites), 12.2%.…”

Analytical progress and challenges for the detection of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon transformation products in aqueous and soil environmental matrices: A review

“…Compared to UV and FLD, DAD is more often used for the investigation of unknown compounds as not all oxygenated PAH fluoresce, and spectra may be used to support compound identification (Meyer and Steinhart, 2000;Pramauro et al, 1998;Wischmann and Steinhart, 1997). More selective and sensitive, FLD is widely used for monitoring PAH in water (Lerda, 2011), OPAH in aerosols (Hayakawa et al, 2017), OHPAH in urine (Fan et al, 2012;Onyemauwa et al, 2009) as well as metabolite production under pure culture conditions (Olmos-Espejel et al, 2012). Despite improved selectivity, interferences in complex matrices are common, and some OHPAH do not offer good sensitivity with this technique (Fan et al, 2012).…”

Improved Characterization of Polyphenols Using Liquid Chromatography

“…SPE is an extraction technique used as a clean-up procedure and a pre-concentration step with crude plant, biological, environmental, food, and pharmaceutical samples Kerio et al, 2012;Martinez-Huelamo et al, 2009;Navas, 2012;Olmos-Espejel et al, 2012).…”