Extraction and Analysis of Disperse Dyes from Colored Polyester Single Fibers Using Liquid Chromatography/Linear Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Nine disperse dyes extracted from colored polyester threads and single fibers of manufactory-supplied textiles by using centrifugal filtration were analyzed using liquid chromatography/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LIT-MS n ). Based on diode array detector data, dimethylformamide (DMF) was found to be a more effective extraction solvent than acetonitrile/water (4:3, v/v) or methanol/water (1:1, v/v) mixtures. The precursor, [M+H] + ions, were detected for the dyes extracted using DMF. The MS 2 and MS 3 spectra also matched those of the standard disperse dyes. Without relying on comparison clothes, disperse dyes extracted from the single fibers (5 mm in length) were successfully identified by LC/LIT-MS n and the custom-built database.

The Identification of Polyester Fibers Dyed with Disperse Dyes for Forensic Purposes

“…Table S1, included in the Appendix, shows methods for the extraction of disperse dyes described in the literature [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. All the studies concerned polyester fibers.…”

“…Because dyes can provide significant information in forensic analyses, many studies have already been carried out to analyze dyes in colored fibers by using diverse microscopical and spectral methods, e.g.,: microspectrophotometry [1,2,3,4], Raman spectroscopy [1,5,6,7,8], excitation-emission luminescence [9], infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray [10]; as well as chromatography methods, e.g.,: thin liquid chromatography (TLC) [8,11,12], liquid chromatography (HPLC) with different detectors [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21], and capillary electrophoresis with a DAD or MS detector [22,23,24,25,26,27,28].…”

Raman spectrometry as a screening tool for solvent-extracted azo dyes from polyester-based textile fibres

“…Various analytical techniques have been used to characterise and/or identify functional groups and particularly the azo group [14] in dye molecules. In general, analytical approaches include an extraction stage using low polarity solvents, such as chlorobenzene, methanol, dimethylsulfooxide, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide [15,16]. HPLC has been widely deployed for molecular separation, particularly with UV-Vis or fluorescence detection systems [4,17], due to the abundant chromophores usually present in the azo pigments, although hyphenated mass spectrometry detectors have also been used [15,[18][19][20].…”

“…In general, analytical approaches include an extraction stage using low polarity solvents, such as chlorobenzene, methanol, dimethylsulfooxide, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide [15,16]. HPLC has been widely deployed for molecular separation, particularly with UV-Vis or fluorescence detection systems [4,17], due to the abundant chromophores usually present in the azo pigments, although hyphenated mass spectrometry detectors have also been used [15,[18][19][20]. Minimally invasive analyses with vibrational spectroscopy techniques such as Raman scattering have been reported [21][22][23][24][25], including applications in the field of modern art [21,25,26].…”

Partition/Ion-Exclusion Chromatographic Ion Stacking for the Analysis of Trace Anions in Water and Salt Samples by Ion Chromatography

“…Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) 18,19 and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [20][21][22] are widely used as techniques for the separation and preconcentration of both organic and inorganic analytes from aqueous samples. In particular, integrated on-line SPE-LC column switching techniques have become popular for various analytical applications.…”