Extracting Photosynthetic Electrons from Thylakoids on Micro Pillar Electrode

MnO2-decorated highly porous 3D-printed graphene supercapacitors for photosynthetic power systems

“…S7. † [10][11][12][13][14][29][30][31][32][33][79][80][81][82][83][84] For efficient collection of PEs from TMs, TMs need to be attached and electrically connected to a 3D printed graphene electrode. However, since TMs have abundant ionized side groups, they do not form stable bonds with graphene electrodes that are hydrophobic.…”

“…32 The effects of electrode materials and geometry on PE harvesting were also investigated with carbon, 4,12 conductive polymers, 7,14 metal oxides, 32 or micro-pillar structures. [33][34][35] Recently, a novel concept of self-charging supercapacitive biosolar cells has been introduced, in which solar energy is converted into PEs and simultaneously stored without the aid of any external storage system. 5,36,37 In particular, since the modi-cation of electrodes with nanostructures or pseudocapacitive materials can dramatically increase the storage capability by both double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, 26,38,39 the combination of energy conversion and supercapacitive selfcharging for biosolar energy conversion can signicantly improve the performance of photosynthetic biosolar energy systems.…”

“…32 The effects of electrode materials and geometry on PE harvesting were also investigated with carbon, 4,12 conductive polymers, 7,14 metal oxides, 32 or micro-pillar structures. 33–35…”

Formation of Supported Thylakoid Membrane Bioanodes for Effective Electron Transfer and Stable Photocurrent

“…Previous studies have used different photosynthesis apparatuses to construct biosolar cells, including intact chloroplasts, , thylakoids, − ,− and isolated photosystem protein complexes. − Thylakoids are compartments inside chloroplasts and where light-dependent photosynthetic reactions occur. Therefore, thylakoid-based biosolar cells are shown to have better electrochemical communication between the photosynthetic components and the electrode compared to intact chloroplast-based cells .…”

“…Most TM-based biosolar cell studies have focused on using different materials or increasing the surface area of the electrodes to increase the photocurrent. − ,,− No study has tried to investigate whether the structure or the arrangement of thylakoids could improve photocurrent performance. A previous study showed that the generated photoelectrons can easily become reactive oxygen species (ROS) if they accumulate within the system .…”