Extracting Parity and Magnitude from Arabic Numerals: Developmental Changes in Number Processing and Mental Representation

Berch, Daniel B.; Foley, Elizabeth J.; Hill, Rebecca; Ryan, Patricia M.

doi:10.1006/jecp.1999.2518

Cited by 234 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When we grow older, there is a 14 co-development of number concepts and number words (Wiese, 2007). Hence, and in contrast to Berch et al (1999), linguistic influences do not override spatial associations with age. At least from the age of 9 years on, it seems that verbal associations are dominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In line with the conclusions of Van Galen and Reitsma (2008), it could be expected that verbal processing is also the dominant mechanism in children, at least when magnitude information is relevant to the task. On the other hand, Berch et al (1999) observed a decreasing SNARC effect with increasing age while at the same time they observed that the influence of linguistic factors increased with age. This "linguistic markedness of response codes" or "MARC" effect entails that odd numbers are associated with faster left-hand side responses while even numbers are associated with faster right-hand side responses (Nuerk, Iversen, & Willmes, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The first study to investigate a SNARC effect in children was performed by Berch, Foley, Hill, and Ryan (1999). Using a parity judgment task (Is a presented number odd or even?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The development of the SNARC effect: Evidence for early verbal coding

Imbo

Brauwer²,

Fias

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

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The development of the SNARC effect: Evidence for early verbal coding

Imbo

Brauwer²,

Fias

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…In the years following their learning of Arabic digits, children start to develop the adult-like effects of interference between space and number. The SNARC effect has been observed in children aged 9 years old, but not in younger children (Berch et al, 1999). In the size congruity paradigm, children show a mutual interference between size and number starting at the end of first grade when they have to perform a magnitude comparison (Rubinsten et al, 2002).…”

Section: Evidence For Shared Mechanisms and Representations In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Are numbers special? An overview of chronometric, neuroimaging, developmental and comparative studies of magnitude representation

Kadosh

Lammertyn

Izard

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

332

304

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There is a current debate whether the human brain possesses a shared representation for various types of magnitude such as numerical quantities, physical size, or loudness. Here, we critically review evidence from chronometric, neuroimaging, developmental and comparative fields, and supplement it with a meta-analysis of the neuroimaging data. Together, based on such an integrative overview, we discuss limitations inherent in each approach, and the possibility whether shared, or distinct magnitude representation, or both representations exist. #

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“…The author proposes that parity information is simply recalled from long-term memory -i.e., "parity information is retrieved directly from memory rather than being extracted by means of a mental calculation strategy" [45].…”

Section: Parity and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of MEG Signals for Selective Arithmetic Tasks

Peyton

Rubin

Pantanowitz

et al. 2016

XIV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2016

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A magnetoencephalogram (MEG) is a non-invasive tool for measuring neuronal activity with millisecond temporal resolution. In this study, MEG measurements were recorded as a subject carried out a simple, repetitive, numerical task: deciding whether a number is even or odd. Signal processing techniques were applied to the MEG data so as to characterise the spatial and temporal dynamics of the brain during the decision-making process. The data is first preprocessed using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and other semiautomated methods. The data is then segmented into trials. Evoked fields or event-related fields (ERFs), the classical measure of brain activity, are found by averaging all the trials in the time domain. These responses are typically phase locked to the stimulus. Induced potentials or oscillatory rhythms that are not necessarily phase-locked to the stimulus are found by averaging the time-frequency representations (TFRs) over all the trials. The TFRs were found using the Wavelet Transform.The results show that typical ERF components are present just after the onset of each stimulus. These waveforms indicate that the following sequence of cognitive events occur: mental matching of the stimulus with previously experienced stimuli (N100); higher-order perceptual processing modulated by attention (P200); and "Go-NoGo" control procedure which initiates or inhibits the motor response (N200). The P200 response also indicates that parity information may be retrieved directly from memory rather than being extracted by means of a mental calculation strategy. Time-frequency plots of the data show pronounced synchronisation in the beta-band as the subject is actively concentrating on the mental task. Thereafter, beta band desynchronisation occurs as the motor response is carried out.Activity is pronounced in the left general interpretive area with a latency of around 650 ms.This confirms the fact that the brain is lateralised according to function.iii One important avenue for further research would be to explore source reconstruction using beamforming techniques. This would enable researchers to pinpoint neuronal sources with greater accuracy. Furthermore, functional connectivity analysis may be a useful means of elucidating how information is transmitted and integrated across brain networks. Overall, there is much scope for future work.

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Extracting Parity and Magnitude from Arabic Numerals: Developmental Changes in Number Processing and Mental Representation

Cited by 234 publications

References 15 publications

The development of the SNARC effect: Evidence for early verbal coding

The development of the SNARC effect: Evidence for early verbal coding

Are numbers special? An overview of chronometric, neuroimaging, developmental and comparative studies of magnitude representation

Analysis of MEG Signals for Selective Arithmetic Tasks

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