Abstract:IntroductionExtracranial vertebral artery aneurysm (EVAA) and extrapleural haematoma (EH) are rare clinical findings most often associated with blunt or penetrating trauma. However, EVAA rupture can be complicated by development of a large EH.ReportA 50 year old man underwent an emergency thrombectomy followed by graft reconstruction of an aorto-bi-femoral bypass. The post-operative course was complicated by respiratory failure and severe anaemia. Computed tomography revealed EVAA rupture and EH, so ligation o… Show more
“…As for direct surgery, trapping and ligation were performed under thoracotomy. 3 , 34) When the aneurysm is located in the thoracic cavity, direct surgery is invasive and the complication rate is comparatively high due to surgical insults to the thoracic cavity, including excision of the clavicle, ribs, and sternum. 35) Morimoto et al reported that extracranial VAns were treated by direct surgery in combination with bypass and that one patient developed a cerebral infarction due to delayed occlusion of a saphenous vein graft two months after surgery.…”
A thrombosed giant aneurysm of the V1 and V2 segments of the vertebral artery (VA) is rare. Therefore, there is controversy regarding its optimal treatment. A case of a symptomatic giant VA aneurysm located in the V1 to V2 segments on the left treated successfully by endovascular trapping of the VA is reported. A 68-year-old woman presented with swelling in the left anterior neck. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a giant aneurysm measuring 47 × 58 × 47 mm 3 in the left neck. Ten days after her first visit, she presented with sudden onset of left anterior neck pain. Repeated CTA showed a partial thrombus in the aneurysm. Angiography showed two thrombosed giant aneurysms located in the V1 to V2 segments of the left VA. After endovascular trapping for the aneurysms, the anterior neck pain resolved and the aneurysm gradually shrank. This case demonstrates that endovascular surgery is better than open surgery because it is less invasive. When performing endovascular treatment, trapping will be an alternative strategy for a symptomatic giant thrombotic aneurysm of the V1 and V2 segments of the VA if the patient can tolerate ischemia.
“…As for direct surgery, trapping and ligation were performed under thoracotomy. 3 , 34) When the aneurysm is located in the thoracic cavity, direct surgery is invasive and the complication rate is comparatively high due to surgical insults to the thoracic cavity, including excision of the clavicle, ribs, and sternum. 35) Morimoto et al reported that extracranial VAns were treated by direct surgery in combination with bypass and that one patient developed a cerebral infarction due to delayed occlusion of a saphenous vein graft two months after surgery.…”
A thrombosed giant aneurysm of the V1 and V2 segments of the vertebral artery (VA) is rare. Therefore, there is controversy regarding its optimal treatment. A case of a symptomatic giant VA aneurysm located in the V1 to V2 segments on the left treated successfully by endovascular trapping of the VA is reported. A 68-year-old woman presented with swelling in the left anterior neck. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a giant aneurysm measuring 47 × 58 × 47 mm 3 in the left neck. Ten days after her first visit, she presented with sudden onset of left anterior neck pain. Repeated CTA showed a partial thrombus in the aneurysm. Angiography showed two thrombosed giant aneurysms located in the V1 to V2 segments of the left VA. After endovascular trapping for the aneurysms, the anterior neck pain resolved and the aneurysm gradually shrank. This case demonstrates that endovascular surgery is better than open surgery because it is less invasive. When performing endovascular treatment, trapping will be an alternative strategy for a symptomatic giant thrombotic aneurysm of the V1 and V2 segments of the VA if the patient can tolerate ischemia.
Extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are rare complications from trauma and multiple diseases. However, the difference between clinical and surgical pro les is not well understood.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and interventional outcomes following extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms (VAA) treatment through a systematic review of the literature to date.
MethodsAn electronic database search for full-text English articles was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded results on clinical and surgical outcomes for extracranial VAAs. These results included patient-speci c risk factors, indications, and techniques.
ResultsOur literature search yielded 561 articles, of which 36 studies were quali ed to be included in the analysis. A total of 55 patients with multiple various extracranial VAA incidents were included. The mean age of subjects was 42 years (ranging from 13 to 76 years), and most patients were males (71%, n = 39).Blunt trauma was the most frequent risk factor for extracranial VAA formation (35%, n = 19). The majority of aneurysms (60%) were dissecting in nature. The most common form of treatment for extracranial VAAs was a ow diverter (24%, n = 13). Overall, ve (9%) patients had long-term adverse neurological complications following intervention with 5% (n = 3) mortality, 2% (n = 1) resulting in unilateral vocal cord paralysis, and 2% (n = 1) resulting in a positive Romberg sign. The mortality rate is 15.7% in the surgical group, whereas the endovascular treatment did not result in any mortality.
ConclusionThe endovascular approach is a safe and effective treatment of extracranial VAAs due to its relatively low overall complication rate and lack of resulting mortality. This contrasts with the surgical approach, which results in a higher rate of complications, recurrence, and mortality outcomes. An understanding of the factors and clinical outcomes associated with the incidence of extracranial VAAs is essential for the future improvement of patient outcomes.
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