Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Modulates the Expressions of Proinflammatory Cytokines IL33 and IL17A, and Their Receptors ST2 and IL17RA, within the Articular Cartilage in Early Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model

Abstract

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (AVNFH) is a disease caused by injury to the blood supply of the femoral head, resulting in a collapse with osteonecrosis and damage to the articular cartilage. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been demonstrated to improve AVNFH owing to its anti-inflammation activity, angiogenesis effect, and tissue regeneration in clinical treatment. However, there are still so many pieces of the jigsaw that need to be fit into place in order to ascertain the mechanism of ESWT for the treatment of AVNFH. The study demonstrated that ESWT significantly protected the trabecular bone volume fraction BV/TV ( P < 0.01 ) and the trabecular thickness ( P < 0.001 ), while in contrast, the trabecular number and trabecular separation were not significantly different after treatment as compared with AVNFH. ESWT protected the articular cartilage in animal model of AVNFH. The levels of IL1-β and IL33 were significantly induced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) as compared with Sham and ESWT groups and reduced in ESWT group ( P < 0.001 ) as compared with AVNFH group. In addition, the expression of the receptor of IL33, ST2, was reduced in AVNFH and induced after ESWT ( P < 0.001 ). The expression of IL17A was induced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) and reduced in the ESWT group ( P < 0.001 ). Further, the expression of the receptor of IL17A, IL17RA, was reduced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) and improved to a normal level in the ESWT group as compared with Sham group ( P < 0.001 ). Taken together, the results of the study indicated that ESWT modulated the expression of IL1-β, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL33 and IL17A, and their receptors ST2 and IL17RA, to protect against loss of the extracellular matrix in the articular cartilage of early AVNFH.

Single-Dose Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Modulates Inflammation During Meniscal Tear Healing in the Avascular Zone

“…Similar to our study, a significantly lower level of IL-1β had been observed in the ESWT group than in the sham-ESWT group in avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rats. 5 However, the changes in IL-1β concentrations after ESWT were not consistent in the current animal studies. According to Chen et al, 4 the IL-1β concentration remained stable over time during the post-ESWT period.…”

Relative Effect of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Alone or in Combination with Noninjective Treatments on Pain and Physical Function in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Inflammatory factors are associated with KOA disease progression. Multiple studies have identified the effects of ESWT on the reduction of inflammation in animal models [ 83 , 84 ] and human osteoarthritic chondrocytes [ 85 , 86 ]. Analysis results in the present NMA revealed that high-EFD FoSW exerted significant effects on disease inflammation in terms of decrease in joint inflammation and was ranked the most optimal option among ESWT treatment arms.…”

Use of low‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the management of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients: A thirty case study in a tertiary medical center

“…18,19 LiESWT treatment has anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of anti-inflammation markers such as sICAM, sVCAM, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL33 and IL17A. 20,21 Decrease of neurons immunoreactive for substance P results in long-term analgesia with LiESWT application to the musculoskeletal system. 22 As a result, the anti-inflammatory effect may be the main mechanisms to resolve the pain and other symptoms in IC/PBS patients.…”

“…Mast cell activation and neurogenic inflammation may cause neuro‐sensitization, which may be related to the level of substance P, and lead the chronic pain 18,19 . LiESWT treatment has anti‐inflammatory effects through modulation of anti‐inflammation markers such as sICAM, sVCAM, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL33 and IL17A 20,21 . Decrease of neurons immunoreactive for substance P results in long‐term analgesia with LiESWT application to the musculoskeletal system 22 .…”