Extracellular Vesicles—Oral Therapeutics of the Future

Cieślik, Martyna; Nazimek, Katarzyna; Bryniarski, Krzysztof

doi:10.3390/ijms23147554

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…As it can be relatively easily observed, a large amount of research on EVs produced by probiotics focuses on the evaluation of the biological effect of these structures only on the gastrointestinal system. For obvious reasons, including the ingestible administration of probiotic EVs, the action of these structures on the digestive system is highly intuitive and justified [ 154 , 155 ]. However, it should still be remembered that EVs, due to their nanometric dimensions, can reach various tissues of the host, and, therefore, their effect on different types of human cells should be discovered [ 13 , 156 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles of Probiotics: Shedding Light on the Biological Activity and Future Applications

et al. 2023

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For many decades, the proper functioning of the human body has become a leading scientific topic. In the course of numerous experiments, a striking impact of probiotics on the human body has been documented, including maintaining the physiological balance of endogenous microorganisms, regulating the functioning of the immune system, enhancing the digestive properties of the host, and preventing or alleviating the course of many diseases. Recent research, especially from the last decade, shows that this health-benefiting activity of probiotics is largely conditioned by the production of extracellular vesicles. Although the importance of extracellular vesicles in the virulence of many live-threatening pathogens is widely described in the literature, much less is known with respect to the health-promoting effect of extracellular vesicles secreted by non-pathogenic microorganisms, including probiotics. Based on this, in the current review article, we decided to collect the latest literature data on the health-inducing properties of extracellular vesicles secreted by probiotics. The characteristics of probiotics’ extracellular vesicles will be extended by the description of their physicochemical properties and the proteome in connection with the biological activities exhibited by these structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles of Probiotics: Shedding Light on the Biological Activity and Future Applications

et al. 2023

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“…Murine studies identifying the biodistribution pattern of orally administered sEVs are few and focus mainly on cow’s milk-derived sEVs, although we have found some studies using plant-derived exosomes-like particles. These studies show that sEVs/exosomes-like particles manage to withstand the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with their transit through acidic conditions in the stomach and degradative conditions in the gut, in various murine models [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Cow’s milk-derived sEVs cross the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the intestine in relatively short times (1–6 h) [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Biodistribution Stability and Safety Of Oral Delivery Of Nat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 presents a summary of these articles, where they were classified according to the source of sEVs, the attribute or modification studied, the use of sEVs as a drug nanocarrier, and the observed biological effect and the type of models utilized. As a note to mention, most articles on the oral administration of sEVs are based on the use of vesicles derived from edible compounds (fruits, vegetables, spices, milk, or its derivatives), as extensively reviewed by Ciéslik et al [ 24 ].…”

Section: Sevs Attributes For An Efficient Oral Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result, added to other articles that mention the biodistribution of orally ingested sEVs, suggests that a fraction of the vesicles enter systemic circulation, reaching other tissues and organs, as mentioned above. In a recent review, Ciéslik et al [ 24 ] listed the therapeutic effects of orally administered sEVs from various sources assessed in different diseases. Among the cited pathologies, several articles demonstrate an effect in organs that do not belong to the GI system, suggesting that the ingested circulatory vesicles maintain therapeutic properties [ 24 ].…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Mediators For Sevs Uptake After Oral ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Administration as a Potential Alternative for the Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2023

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Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have burst into biomedicine as a natural therapeutic alternative for different diseases. Considered nanocarriers of biological origin, various studies have demonstrated the feasibility of their systemic administration, even with repeated doses. However, despite being the preferred route of physicians and patients, little is known about the clinical use of sEVs in oral administration. Different reports show that sEVs can resist the degradative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, accumulating regionally in the intestine, where they are absorbed for systemic biodistribution. Notably, observations demonstrate the efficacy of using sEVs as a nanocarrier system for a therapeutic payload to obtain a desired biological (therapeutic) effect. From another perspective, the information to date indicates that food-derived vesicles (FDVs) could be considered future nutraceutical agents since they contain or even overexpress different nutritional compounds of the foods from which they are derived, with potential effects on human health. In this review, we present and critically analyze the current information on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of sEVs when administered orally. We also address the molecular and cellular mechanisms that promote intestinal absorption and that command the therapeutic effects that have been observed. Finally, we analyze the potential nutraceutical impact that FDVs would have on human health and how their oral use could be an emerging strategy to balance nutrition in people.

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“…Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are often candidates for mucosal vaccines to induce immune protection against specific pathogens [55]. In addition, bacterial-derived EVs in urine can be used as novel biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of gastric cancer [56].…”

Section: The Sources Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Anticancer Drug Delivery Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, are widely present in various body fluids and are involved in mediating intercellular communication. They have received extensive attention as diagnostic markers. The excellent physicochemical and biological properties of exosomes make them great potential drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, various challenges need to be addressed for the clinical application of exosomes. This review introduces the biogenesis and uptake of exosomes and compares different approaches for isolation and drug loading, focusing on the application and current challenges of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles in cancer therapy.

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Extracellular Vesicles—Oral Therapeutics of the Future

Cited by 14 publications

References 127 publications

Extracellular Vesicles of Probiotics: Shedding Light on the Biological Activity and Future Applications

Extracellular Vesicles of Probiotics: Shedding Light on the Biological Activity and Future Applications

Oral Administration as a Potential Alternative for the Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Exosomes as Anticancer Drug Delivery Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges

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