Extracellular Vesicles: Multimodal Envoys in Neural Maintenance and Repair

Holm, Mea M.; Kaiser, Julia; Schwab, Martin E.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.006

Cited by 186 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…One of the problems with EVs is that they are highly heterogeneous and have overlapping size, density, and membrane composition. There are no distinctive approaches to distinguish these three EV subtypes from each other once they are released into the fluid and are often collectively referred to as extracellular membrane vesicles (Holm et al, 2018). Both classes of EVs contain multiple cytosolic proteins and nucleic acids that are relevant for a variety of biological phenomena in the immediate surrounding and/or remote regions (Cocucci and Meldolesi, 2015).…”

Section: Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

Budgude

Kale

Vaidya

2020

Cell Biology International

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the ultimate choice of treatment for patients with hematological diseases and cancer. The success of HSCT is critically dependent on the number and engraftment efficiency of the transplanted donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Various studies show that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support hematopoiesis and also promote ex vivo expansion of HSCs. MSCs exert their therapeutic effect through paracrine activity, partially mediated through extracellular vesicles (EVs). Although the physiological function of EVs is not fully understood, inspiring findings indicate that MSC-derived EVs can reiterate the hematopoiesis, supporting the ability of MSCs by transferring their cargo containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to the HSCs. The activation state of the MSCs or the signaling mechanism that prevails in them also defines the composition of their EVs, thereby influencing the fate of HSCs. Modulating or preconditioning MSCs to achieve a specific composition of the EV cargo for the ex vivo expansion of HSCs is, therefore, a promising strategy that can overcome several challenges associated with the use of naïve/unprimed MSCs. This review aims to speculate upon the potential role of preconditioned/primed MSC-derived EVs as "cell-free biologics," as a novel strategy for expanding HSCs in vitro.

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Section: Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

Budgude

Kale

Vaidya

2020

Cell Biology International

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“…Once released into extracellular space, exosomes can travel vast distances both within in the brain parenchyma and also across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and other tissue barriers (Das et al, ; Osorio‐Querejeta, Alberro, Munoz‐Culla, Mager, & Otaegui, ). Exosomes can, for example, propagate inflammation across the BBB (Holm, Kaiser, & Schwab, ) but can also deliver drugs and other therapies across the BBB as a novel therapeutic delivery system (Tian et al, ).…”

Section: Interaction Between Exosomes and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[Original data Hamlett, Ledreux, et al, 2018] barriers (Das et al, 2018;Osorio-Querejeta, Alberro, Munoz-Culla, Mager, & Otaegui, 2018). Exosomes can, for example, propagate inflammation across the BBB (Holm, Kaiser, & Schwab, 2018) but can also deliver drugs and other therapies across the BBB as a novel therapeutic delivery system (Tian et al, 2018).…”

Section: Exosomes and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome release and cargo in Down syndrome

Hamlett

LaRosa

Mufson

et al. 2019

Developmental Neurobiology

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Down syndrome (DS) is a multisystem disorder affecting 1 in 800 births worldwide. Advancing technology, medical treatment, and social intervention have dramatically increased life expectancy, yet there are many etiologies of this disorder that are in need of further research. The advent of the ability to capture extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood from specific cell types allows for the investigation of novel intracellular processes. Exosomes are one type of EVs that have demonstrated great potential in uncovering new biomarkers of neurodegeneration and disease, and also that appear to be intricately involved in the transsynaptic spread of pathogenic factors underlying Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles, generated in endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and secreted by most cells in the body. Since exosomes are important mediators of intercellular communication and genetic exchange, they have emerged as a major research focus and have revealed novel biological sequelae involved in conditions afflicting the DS population. This review summarizes current knowledge on exosome biology in individuals with DS, both early in life and in aging individuals. Collectively these studies have demonstrated that complex multicellular processes underlying DS etiologies may include abnormal formation and secretion of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes.

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“…HSPs are transferred from cell to cell via cell-derived EVs. EVs are released from all types of brain cells, healthy or diseased (81), and are bidirectionally transported through the BBB (7,(82)(83)(84)(85). Depending on their subcellular origin, EVs are classified into 2 main categories: ectosomes (also called microparticles) that are released after budding from the plasma membrane as well as exosomes, which are produced inside the MVBs and released after fusion of the MVBs with the plasma membrane (86,87).…”

Section: Modulation Of Bbb Function By Extracellular Hspmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular chaperones in the brain endothelial barrier: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection?

Thüringer

Garrido

2019

The FASEB Journal

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Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) interact with astrocytes and pericytes to form the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Their compromised function alters the BBB integrity, which is associated with early events in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and epilepsy. Interestingly, these conditions also induce the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Here we review the contribution of major HSP families to BMEC and BBB function. Although investigators mainly report protective effects of HSPs in brain, contrasted results were obtained in BMEC, which depend both on the HSP and on its location, intra‐ or extracellular. The therapeutic potential of HSPs must be scrupulously analyzed before targeting them in patients to reduce the progression of brain lesions and improve neurologic outcomes in the long term.—Thuringer, D., Garrido, C. Molecular chaperones in the brain endothelial barrier: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection? FASEB J. 33, 11629–11639 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Extracellular Vesicles: Multimodal Envoys in Neural Maintenance and Repair

Cited by 186 publications

References 94 publications

Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

Exosome release and cargo in Down syndrome

Molecular chaperones in the brain endothelial barrier: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection?

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