Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation

Sailliet, Nicolas; Ullah, Matti; Dupuy, Amandine; Silva, Amanda; Gazeau, Florence; Le, Hoa; Brouard, Sophie

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.800018

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…In the field of organ transplantation, most studies use EVs from plasma, urine, or perfusion fluid, given their availability in the volumes needed for most isolation protocols [ 50 , 51 ]. Isolation methods include ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, and immunoaffinity-based techniques [ 52 , 53 ], although most studies in SOT use ultracentrifugation since it is a cost-effective technique that reaches high purity rates [ 51 , 54 ] ( Figure 1 ). An additional benefit of EVs compared with soluble biomarkers is the possibility to discern whether they come from the donor or the recipient, shedding light on the underlying immune pathways at the time of the transplant.…”

Section: The Interest Of Evs In Solid Organ Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Vesicles: The Future of Diagnosis in Solid Organ Transplantation?

Romero-García

Huete-Acevedo

Mas-Bargues

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a life-saving treatment for end-stage organ failure, but it comes with several challenges, the most important of which is the existing gap between the need for transplants and organ availability. One of the main concerns in this regard is the lack of accurate non-invasive biomarkers to monitor the status of a transplanted organ. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising source of biomarkers for various diseases. In the context of SOT, EVs have been shown to be involved in the communication between donor and recipient cells and may carry valuable information about the function of an allograft. This has led to an increasing interest in exploring the use of EVs for the preoperative assessment of organs, early postoperative monitoring of graft function, or the diagnosis of rejection, infection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, or drug toxicity. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the use of EVs as biomarkers for these conditions and discuss their applicability in the clinical setting.

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Section: The Interest Of Evs In Solid Organ Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this line, some studies have also focused on the role of native EVs in the pathophysiology of rejection [ 22 , 54 ]. It is now known that allograft recognition does not always occur through the direct recognition of donor cells.…”

Section: Evs As Diagnostic Tools In Solid Organ Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: The Future of Diagnosis in Solid Organ Transplantation?

Romero-García

Huete-Acevedo

Mas-Bargues

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Many groups, including ours, are currently working in this direction to develop EVs as biomarkers for rejection. 19,[149][150][151][152] In studies of nonlung organ transplants, miRNAs, noncoding RNAs, cellfree DNA, and some protein biomarkers present in serum have been investigated, but a lack of specificity and accuracy limits their reliability. 153 EVs that are released by T cells help to prime DCs through the transfer of DNA.…”

Section: Diagnostic and Functional Roles Of Donor-specific Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation: Friend or Foe

Bansal,

Rahman,

Ravichandran

et al. 2023

Transplantation

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The long-term function of transplanted organs, even under immunosuppression, is hindered by rejection, especially chronic rejection. Chronic rejection occurs more frequently after lung transplantation, termed chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), than after transplantation of other solid organs. Pulmonary infection is a known risk factor for CLAD, as transplanted lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment; however, the mechanisms by which respiratory infections lead to CLAD are poorly understood. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in transplantation remains largely unknown. Current evidence suggests that EVs released from transplanted organs can serve as friend and foe. EVs carry not only major histocompatibility complex antigens but also tissue-restricted self-antigens and various transcription factors, costimulatory molecules, and microRNAs capable of regulating alloimmune responses. EVs play an important role in antigen presentation by direct, indirect, and semidirect pathways in which CD8 and CD4 cells can be activated. During viral infections, exosomes (small EVs <200 nm in diameter) can express viral antigens and regulate immune responses. Circulating exosomes may also be a viable biomarker for other diseases and rejection after organ transplantation. Bioengineering the surface of exosomes has been proposed as a tool for targeted delivery of drugs and personalized medicine. This review focuses on recent studies demonstrating the role of EVs with a focus on exosomes and their dual role (immune activation or tolerance induction) after organ transplantation, more specifically, lung transplantation.

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“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles generated by diverse cell types under physiological and pathological conditions. These vesicles carry nucleic acids, functional proteins, lipids, and a range of bioactive molecules 13 . EVs can be detected in most bodily fluids, including saliva, urine, nasal and bronchial lavage fluid, amniotic fluid, breast milk, plasma, serum, and seminal fluid 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vesicles carry nucleic acids, functional proteins, lipids, and a range of bioactive molecules. 13 EVs can be detected in most bodily fluids, including saliva, urine, nasal and bronchial lavage fluid, amniotic fluid, breast milk, plasma, serum, and seminal fluid. 14 Importantly, they reflect the state of the originating cells at the time of the production of the EVs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as potential diagnostic markers for kidney allograft rejection

Thongwitokomarn,

Noppakun,

Chaiwarith

et al. 2024

Clinical Transplantation

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Kidney transplantation is a highly effective treatment for end‐stage kidney disease. However, allograft rejection remains a significant clinical challenge in kidney transplant patients. Although kidney allograft biopsy is the gold‐standard diagnostic method, it is an invasive procedure. Since the current monitoring methods, including screening of serum creatinine and urinary protein, are not of sufficient sensitivity, there is a need for effective post‐transplant monitoring to detect allograft rejection at an early stage. Extracellular vesicles are vesicles with a lipid bilayer that originate from different cell types in pathological and physiological conditions. The content of extracellular vesicles reflects the status of cells at the time of their production. This review comprehensively summarizes clinical, in vivo, and in vitro reports that highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for kidney allograft rejection. Clarification would facilitate differentiation between rejection and non‐rejection and identification of the mechanisms involved in the allograft rejection. Despite increasing evidence, further research is necessary to establish the clinical utility of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and monitoring of allograft rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Using extracellular vesicles as non‐invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of kidney allograft rejection could have tremendous benefits in improving patient outcomes and reduce the need for invasive procedures.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation

Cited by 17 publications

References 142 publications

Extracellular Vesicles: The Future of Diagnosis in Solid Organ Transplantation?

Extracellular Vesicles: The Future of Diagnosis in Solid Organ Transplantation?

Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation: Friend or Foe

Extracellular vesicles as potential diagnostic markers for kidney allograft rejection

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