Extracellular vesicles in lung microenvironment and pathogenesis

Extracellular vesicles released in response to respiratory exposures: implications for chronic disease

“…It is well known that EV are involved in the pathogeneses of CVD and cancer. They were also proposed to contribute to the development of chronic lung disease (Fujita et al 2015b;Loyer et al 2014;Minciacchi, Freeman, and Di Vizio 2015). The purpose of this review was to examine the relationship of EV secretion, composition, and function with airborne environmental risk factors for developing lung disease, CVD, and cancer.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicles

“…In contrast, the microvesicles range in size from 150-1000 nm, arise from plasma membrane by budding of cytoplasmic protrusions (Fig.1) in a process dependent on calcium ions which are responsible for asymmetric distribution of plasma membrane phospholipids yielding the formation of the microvesicles [7] . Finally, a large type of EVs more than 1um is the apoptotic body, which is a derivative of dying cells [11] .…”

“…Additionally, microvesicles reported to have cell organelles [10] . Apoptotic bodies contain DNA, non codingRNAs as well as cell organelles [11] . MSC-derived EVs are rich in classes of RNA which upon transfer to target cells, got translated into proteins.…”

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“…Phenotypical change of lung epithelial cells may result in alteration of the finely balanced reciprocal interaction between the epithelial and mesenchymal cell types that influences cellular differentiation, which is known as the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU). Aberrant reactivation of EMTU has been postulated to be responsible for COPD development, such as airway remodeling, indicating that cell-to-cell communication within the lung microenvironment is one of the focuses in smoking-related lung disease pathogenesis [1].…”