Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Diseases: Moving Forward

Erdbrügger, Uta; Hoorn, Ewout J.; Le, Thu H.; Blijdorp, Charles J.; Burger, Dylan

doi:10.34067/kid.0001892022

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(308 reference statements)

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“…Although this review focuses on their diagnostic aspect, uEVs have recently been discussed for their active roles in renal physiology [ 80 ] or pathology [ 24 ], such as AKI to CKD transition through intracellular communication. uEVs even hold great potential for therapeutic applications such as kidney regeneration [ 23 , 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary extracellular vesicles in childhood kidney diseases

Harita

2023

Pediatr Nephrol

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Most biological fluids contain extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are surrounded by a lipid bilayer and contain biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. They lack a functioning nucleus and are incapable of replicating. The physiological characteristics and molecular composition of EVs in body fluids provide valuable information about the status of originating cells. Consequently, they could be effectively utilized for diagnostic and prognostic applications. Urine contains a heterogeneous population of EVs. To date, these urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) have been ignored in the standard urinalysis. In recent years, knowledge has accumulated on how uEVs should be separated and analyzed. It has become clear how uEVs reflect the expression of each molecule in cells in nephron segments and how they are altered in disease states such as glomerular/tubular disorders, rare congenital diseases, acute kidney injury (AKI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Significant promise exists for the molecular expression signature of uEVs detected by simple techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), making them more applicable in clinical settings. This review presents the current understanding regarding uEVs, emphasizing the potential for non-invasive diagnostics, especially for childhood kidney diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing body of research on the alterations of molecular compositions in uEVs in many renal and urological disorders [ 4 , 6 , 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Uevs As Biomarkers For Kidney Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary extracellular vesicles in childhood kidney diseases

Harita

2023

Pediatr Nephrol

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“…It should be added that Muromonab-CD3, often referred to as OKT3, was previously used to treat acute cellular rejection after solid organ transplantation. However, due to hepatotoxic properties, the mentioned drug was withdrawn from use in 2010 [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Classes Of Immunosuppressive Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status Regarding Immunosuppressive Treatment in Patients after Renal Transplantation

Szumilas

Wilk

Wiśniewski

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Renal transplantation is now the best treatment for end-stage renal failure. To avoid rejection and prolong graft function, organ recipients need immunosuppressive therapy. The immunosuppressive drugs used depends on many factors, including time since transplantation (induction or maintenance), aetiology of the disease, and/or condition of the graft. Immunosuppressive treatment needs to be personalised, and hospitals and clinics have differing protocols and preparations depending on experience. Renal transplant recipient maintenance treatment is mostly based on triple-drug therapy containing calcineurin inhibitors, corticosteroids, and antiproliferative drugs. In addition to the desired effect, the use of immunosuppressive drugs carries risks of certain side effects. Therefore, new immunosuppressive drugs and immunosuppressive protocols are being sought that exert fewer side effects, which could maximise efficacy and reduce toxicity and, in this way, reduce both morbidity and mortality, as well as increase opportunities to modify individual immunosuppression for renal recipients of all ages. The aim of the current review is to describe the classes of immunosuppressive drugs and their mode of action, which are divided by induction and maintenance treatment. An additional aspect of the current review is a description of immune system activity modulation by the drugs used in renal transplant recipients. Complications associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs and other immunosuppressive treatment options used in kidney transplant recipients have also been described.

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Advances and potential of regenerative medicine in pediatric nephrology

et al. 2023

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The endogenous capacity of the kidney to repair is limited, and generation of new nephrons after injury for adequate function recovery remains a need. Discovery of factors that promote the endogenous regenerative capacity of the injured kidney or generation of transplantable kidney tissue represent promising therapeutic strategies. While several encouraging results are obtained after administration of stem or progenitor cells, stem cell secretome, or extracellular vesicles in experimental kidney injury models, very little data exist in the clinical setting to make conclusions about their efficacy. In this review, we provide an overview of the cutting-edge knowledge on kidney regeneration, including pre-clinical methodologies used to elucidate regenerative pathways and describe the perspectives of regenerative medicine for kidney patients.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Diseases: Moving Forward

Cited by 5 publications

References 120 publications

Urinary extracellular vesicles in childhood kidney diseases

Urinary extracellular vesicles in childhood kidney diseases

Current Status Regarding Immunosuppressive Treatment in Patients after Renal Transplantation

Advances and potential of regenerative medicine in pediatric nephrology

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