Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Challenges in the Translation from the Laboratory to Clinic
Rong Yan,
Haiming Chen,
Florin M. Selaru
Abstract:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive cargo to recipient cells. EVs have been implicated in a range of physiological and pathological processes, including tumor progression, metastasis, immune modulation, and drug resistance. The objective of this review is to present a thorough overview of recent studies focusing on EVs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with an emphasis on their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeut… Show more
“…Moreover, this trial evaluated the anticancer effects of STAT6 antisense oligonucleotide through the inhibition of STAT6 and the repolarization of macrophages from the M2 to M1 phenotype. 134 , 135 Therefore, exosomal RNA therapy has shown potential to regulate cancer cell growth and oncogenes.…”
Section: Clinical Application Of Exosome Therapies In Diverse Diseasesmentioning
“…Moreover, this trial evaluated the anticancer effects of STAT6 antisense oligonucleotide through the inhibition of STAT6 and the repolarization of macrophages from the M2 to M1 phenotype. 134 , 135 Therefore, exosomal RNA therapy has shown potential to regulate cancer cell growth and oncogenes.…”
Section: Clinical Application Of Exosome Therapies In Diverse Diseasesmentioning
This review comprehensively explores the complex interplay between extracellular vesicles (ECVs)/exosomes and circadian rhythms, with a focus on the role of this interaction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA/DNA species. ECVs are implicated in a range of diseases, where they play crucial roles in signaling between cells and their surrounding environment. In the setting of cancer, ECVs are known to influence cancer initiation and progression. The scope of this review extends to all cancer types, synthesizing existing knowledge on the various roles of ECVs. A unique aspect of this review is the emphasis on the circadian-controlled release and composition of exosomes, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for early cancer detection and monitoring metastasis. We also discuss how circadian rhythms affect multiple cancer-related pathways, proposing that disruptions in the circadian clock can alter tumor development and treatment response. Additionally, this review delves into the influence of circadian clock components on ECV biogenesis and their impact on reshaping the tumor microenvironment, a key component driving HCC progression. Finally, we address the potential clinical applications of ECVs, particularly their use as diagnostic tools and drug delivery vehicles, while considering the challenges associated with clinical implementation.
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