Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Cell-to-Cell Mediators of Metastasis

Becker, Annette; Thakur, Basant Kumar; Weiss, Joshua M.; Kim, Han Sang; Peinado, Héctor; Lyden, David

doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.009

Cited by 1,520 publications

(1,374 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Exosomes are vesicles of 50-100 nm in size that are over-produced by most proliferating cell types during normal states, pathological states (such as cancer), and states such as pregnancy. Exosomes contain a wide variety of proteins, lipids, RNAs, non-transcribed RNAs, miRNAs, and small RNAs (Yin et al, 2013;Becker et al, 2016). Ongoing efforts have shown that miRNAs are secreted into tumor microenvironments to regulate cancer cell proliferation, migration, immune response, intercellular communication, and stromal modification, thereby promoting tumor growth and progression (Meckes et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2015b;Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ebv Regulates the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Via MImentioning

confidence: 99%

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Zuo

Yue

et al. 2017

Virol. Sin.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes life-long persistence in humans.To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these clusters increases the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell response of infected cells. These reports strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion, viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.

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Section: Ebv Regulates the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Via MImentioning

confidence: 99%

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Zuo

Yue

et al. 2017

Virol. Sin.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Large cells membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), known as microparticles (MPs) and microvesicles (MVs), have been reported to play a role in the horizontal communication between cells [129] . Hepatocytes secrete exosomes, MPs and MVs, and their production can change quantitatively and qualitatively in response to cellular stimulation and under different disease conditions [130] .…”

Section: Tumor-associated Circulating Microparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of different biomarkers for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Rojas¹,

Sánchez‐Torrijos²,

Gil‐Gómez³

et al. 2018

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second cause of cancer related death due to latent liver disease, late diagnosis and non-available therapeutic treatment. Liver biopsy is still the gold standard in order to know the molecular biology of the tumor, its behaviour and invasive characteristics. Conventional diagnosis methods for HCC detection include imaging and serological tests with low sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we focus on the potential utility of certain serum biomarkers and a new approach, "liquid biopsy", in the management of HCC patients.

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“…They have been shown to transfer RNAs and proteins that are functional in the recipient cells (15,16). They can be found in various body fluids and in the tumour microenvironment and can transmit messages to neighbouring cells as well as to distant cells (17,18). miRNAs, short non-coding RNAs whose levels can be altered during stress response (19), can also be shuttled between cells in the tumour microenvironment via EVs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisplatin induces the release of extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells that can induce invasiveness and drug resistance in bystander cells

Samuel

Mulcahy

Furlong

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Ovarian cancer has a poor overall survival that is partly caused by resistance to drugs such as cisplatin. Resistance can be acquired as a result of changes to the tumour or due to altered interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bound vesicles that are loaded with macromolecular cargo and released by cells, are emerging as mediators of communication in the tumour microenvironment. We previously showed that EVs mediate the bystander effect, a phenomenon in which stressed cells can communicate with neighbouring naive cells leading to various effects including DNA damage; however, the role of EVs released following cisplatin treatment has not been tested. Here we show that treatment of cells with cisplatin led to the release of EVs that could induce invasion and increased resistance when taken up by bystander cells. This coincided with changes in p38 and JNK signalling, suggesting that these pathways may be involved in mediating the effects. We also show that EV uptake inhibitors could prevent this EV-mediated adaptive response and thus sensitize cells in vitro to the effects of cisplatin. Our results suggest that preventing pro-tumourigenic EV cross-talk during chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic target for improving outcome in ovarian cancer patients. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Cell-to-Cell Mediators of Metastasis

Cited by 1,520 publications

References 149 publications

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Performance of different biomarkers for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Cisplatin induces the release of extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells that can induce invasiveness and drug resistance in bystander cells

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