2018
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02286
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Extracellular Vesicles From Sporothrix brasiliensis Are an Important Virulence Factor That Induce an Increase in Fungal Burden in Experimental Sporotrichosis

Abstract: Sporotrichosis is a mycosis that affects the skin, lymphatic system and other organs in humans and animals. The disease has a worldwide distribution, with endemic areas in Brazil, and is caused by a complex of species, including Sporothrix brasiliensis. Some fungi release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can interact with the host cell and modulate the host immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the participation of S. brasiliensis EVs in the modulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and in the contr… Show more

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Cited by 84 publications
(89 citation statements)
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“…Considering the description of EV production from fungal species, these structures have been considered to be important carriers of biological compounds and are related to several functions such as pathogenicity, cell communication, and immunogenicity of fungal infections (12). Several studies previously described biologically active EVs produced by the fungal species (T. interdigitale, P. brasiliensis, C. neoformans, C. albicans, M. sympodialis, S. brasiliensis) (21,22,24,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Among the Aspergillus spp., EVs from A. fumigatus were able to stimulate TNF-␣ and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) production by macrophages in vitro (26).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Considering the description of EV production from fungal species, these structures have been considered to be important carriers of biological compounds and are related to several functions such as pathogenicity, cell communication, and immunogenicity of fungal infections (12). Several studies previously described biologically active EVs produced by the fungal species (T. interdigitale, P. brasiliensis, C. neoformans, C. albicans, M. sympodialis, S. brasiliensis) (21,22,24,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Among the Aspergillus spp., EVs from A. fumigatus were able to stimulate TNF-␣ and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) production by macrophages in vitro (26).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 2007, Rodrigues et al, studying Cryptococcus neoformans, initially reported production of EVs by fungi (15). Since then, fungal EV production has been described in several fungal species, such as Cryptococcus gattii (16), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (17), Alternaria infectoria (18), Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (19), Histoplasma capsulatum (20), Candida albicans (20), Candida parapsilosis (20), Sporothrix schenckii (20), Sporothrix brasiliensis (21), Malassezia sympodialis (22), Pichia fermentans (23), Trichophyton interdigitale (24), Trichoderma reesei (25), Aspergillus fumigatus (26), and others.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, pre-treatment of Galleria mellonella larvae with fungal EVs stimulated a protective response against a lethal challenge with C. albicans or C. neoformans (Colombo et al, 2019;Vargas et al, 2015). In other models, the exposure of host cells to fungal EVs have been also associated with disease development, as demonstrated for C. neoformans and S. brasiliensis (Huang et al, 2012;Ikeda et al, 2018). In addition, fungal EVs seem to participate in the development of antifungal resistance and as a messenger compartment for virulence transference (Bielska et al, 2018;Mitchell et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Fungal EVs were isolated in 2007 from the culture supernatant of Cryptococcus neoformans (Rodrigues et al, 2007a). Since then, fungal EVs have been characterised in several fungal species including C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Cryptococcus gattii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia fermentans, Malassezia sympodialis, Alternaria infectoria and Aspergillus fumigatus (Albuquerque, 2004;Bielska et al, 2018;Ikeda et al, 2018;Leone et al, 2018;Oliveira et al, 2010b;Rayner et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2014;Souza et al, 2019;Vallejo et al, 2011;Vargas et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fungal EVs are thought to participate in intercellular communication regarding host-fungal or fungal-microbial interactions. Indeed, fungal EVs released from different pathogenic species can either support host infection (Bielska et al, 2018;Ikeda et al, 2018) or stimulate immune responses in their mammalian host cells (Oliveira et al, 2010a;Vargas et al, 2015). For instance, EVs isolated from the culture supernatant of Candida albicans or Cryptococcus neoformans have immunomodulatory effects on macrophages and other immune cells (Joffe et al, 2016;Zamith-Miranda et al, 2018).…”
Section: Evs In Human-pathogenic Fungimentioning
confidence: 99%