Extracellular Vesicles from Plants: Current Knowledge and Open Questions

Urzì, Ornella; Raimondo, Stefania; Alessandro, Riccardo

doi:10.3390/ijms22105366

Cited by 67 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…That of LEVs-TMO stored at 45 °C was changed to negative charge at 4w (Figure S5d) Zeta potentials may have functional consequences for the EVs, such as by inducing alterations in aggregation, protein structures, surface modifications, and/or protein unfolding/denaturation. As Maroto et al reported that freezing of exosomes can diminish their zeta potential [40], we found that the surface charge of LEVs-TMO was slightly decreased at −20 °C. To examine quantity change during storage, we measured the total protein level under different temperatures and increasing storage time.…”

Section: Physiological Properties Of Levs Lev-13-bg and Levs-tmo Over...supporting

confidence: 55%

“…We collected fresh leaves of Dendropanax morbifera from Bogil Island, which is located in Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Unlike the general method for isolating plant vesicles [39][40][41], we have developed a method for isolating EVs from Dendropanax morbifera leaf to facilitate industrial application. Dendropanax morbifera-derived EVs were isolated by processing the leaves with a mixer grinder plus extractor, passing the resulting crude leaf extract through filter paper, and centrifuging the obtained extract at 10,000× g for 10 min.…”

Section: Isolation Of D Morbifera Leaf-derived Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of Plant Leaf-Derived Extracellular Vesicles According to Preservative and Storage Temperature

et al. 2022

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Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of efficiency delivering mRNAs, miRNAs, bioactive lipids, and proteins to mammalian cells. Plant-derived EVs critically contribute to the ability of plants to defend against pathogen attacks at the plant cell surface. They also represent a novel candidate natural substance that shows potential to be developed for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. However, although plant-derived EVs are acknowledged as having potential for various industrial applications, little is known about how their stability is affected by storage conditions. In this study, we evaluated the stability of Dendropanax morbifera leaf-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) alone or combined with the preservatives, 1,3-butylene glycol (to yield LEVs-1,3-BG) or TMO (LEVs-TMO). We stored these formulations at −20, 4, 25, and 45 °C for up to 4 weeks, and compared the stability of fresh and stored LEVs. We also assessed the effect of freeze-thawing cycles on the quantity and morphology of the LEVs. We found that different storage temperatures and number of freeze-thawing cycles altered the stability, size distribution, protein content, surface charge, and cellular uptake of LEVs compared to those of freshly isolated LEVs. LEVs-TMO showed higher stability when stored at 4 °C, compared to LEVs and LEVs-1,3-BG. Our study provides comprehensive information on how storage conditions affect LEVs and suggests that the potential industrial applications of plant-derived EVs may be broadened by the use of preservatives.

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Section: Physiological Properties Of Levs Lev-13-bg and Levs-tmo Over...supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Isolation Of D Morbifera Leaf-derived Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Plant Leaf-Derived Extracellular Vesicles According to Preservative and Storage Temperature

et al. 2022

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“…The high heterogeneity of plant-derived EVs population and lack of specific markers make their characterization a challenge. Comprehensive omics analysis might help to identify potential characteristics and molecular profiles of EVs from different species [ 222 ]. Furthermore, future protocols with certain stimuli for specific plants species might be developed to produce naturally derived EVs containing qualities of interest, such as wound healing properties.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Wound Healing

et al. 2021

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Each year, millions of individuals suffer from a non-healing wound, abnormal scarring, or injuries accompanied by an infection. For these cases, scientists are searching for new therapeutic interventions, from which one of the most promising is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Naturally, EV-based signaling takes part in all four wound healing phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Such an extensive involvement of EVs suggests exploiting their action to modulate the impaired healing phase. Furthermore, next to their natural wound healing capacity, EVs can be engineered for better defined pharmaceutical purposes, such as carrying specific cargo or targeting specific destinations by labelling them with certain surface proteins. This review aims to promote scientific awareness in basic and translational research of EVs by summarizing the current knowledge about their natural role in each stage of skin repair and the most recent findings in application areas, such as wound healing, skin regeneration, and treatment of dermal diseases, including the stem cell-derived, plant-derived, and engineered EVs.

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“…Plant-derived extracellular vesicles have promising therapeutic applications, especially in drug nanodelivery systems [ 25 ]. EVs from medicinal plants are interesting due to their pharmacological properties, low cytotoxicity, and extensive use since ancient times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Kaempferia parviflora extracellular vesicles, a nanomedicine candidate

Nemidkanam

Chaichanawongsaroj

2022

PLoS ONE

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Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising candidate for nanomedicine delivery due to their bioactive cargos, high biocompatibility to human cells, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, and potential for large-scale production. However, the research on EVs derived from medicinal plants is very limited. In this study, Kaempferia parviflora extracellular vesicles (KPEVs) were isolated by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and their size, morphology, and surface charge were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The biological properties of KPEVs, including their bioactive compound composition, gastric uptake, cytotoxicity, acid tolerance, and storage stability, were also examined. In addition, KPEVs had an average and uniform size of 200–300 nm and a negative surface charge of 14.7 ± 3.61 mV. Moreover, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, the major bioactive compound of KP, was packaged into KPEVs. Meanwhile, KPEVs were resistant to gastric digestion and stably maintained at −20°C and −80°C for 8 weeks with no freeze-thaw cycle. The lipid hydrolysis during EVs storage at room temperature and 4°C were also demonstrated for the first time. Furthermore, the labeled KPEVs were internalized into adenocarcinoma gastric cells, and the cell viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, according to the results of the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium assay. Our study supports the potential application of KPEVs as a vehicle for anticancer or oral drugs.

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Extracellular Vesicles from Plants: Current Knowledge and Open Questions

Cited by 67 publications

References 75 publications

Stability of Plant Leaf-Derived Extracellular Vesicles According to Preservative and Storage Temperature

Stability of Plant Leaf-Derived Extracellular Vesicles According to Preservative and Storage Temperature

Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Wound Healing

Characterizing Kaempferia parviflora extracellular vesicles, a nanomedicine candidate

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