Extracellular vesicles: Emerging mediators of cell communication in gastrointestinal cancers exhibiting metabolic abnormalities

Pourali, Ghazaleh; Zafari, Nima; Fiuji, Hamid; Batra, Jyotsna; Nazari, Elham; Rezayi, Majid; Hassanian, Seyed Mahdi; Vahabi, Mahrou; Kiani, Mohammadali; Ghayour‐Mobarhan, Majid; Peters, Godefridus J.; Lam, Alfred King‐Yin; Giovannetti, Elisa; Avan, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…The common classification of extracellular vesicles and classification criteria are shown in Figure 1. Cells secrete exosomes with a particle size of typically 30-150 nm, which are membranous extracellular vesicles formed prominently through endosomal membrane invaginations (42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Exosomes consist of diverse crucial biomolecules, such as the four transmembrane protein family (CD9, CD63, CD81), growth factors (TGFB 1, bFGF), major histocompatibility complexes (MHC I/MHcII), adhesion proteins, heat shock proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, and a small portion of genetic material, of which CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP70Alix, etc.…”

Section: The Overview Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Qiu,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa. The pathogenesis of GC is intricately linked to the tumor microenvironment within which the cancer cells reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) primarily differentiate from peripheral blood monocytes and can be broadly categorized into M1 and M2 subtypes. M2-type TAMs have been shown to promote tumor growth, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, they can actively suppress acquired immunity, leading to a poorer prognosis and reduced tolerance to chemotherapy. Exosomes, which contain a myriad of biologically active molecules including lipids, proteins, mRNA, and noncoding RNAs, have emerged as key mediators of communication between tumor cells and TAMs. The exchange of these molecules via exosomes can markedly influence the tumor microenvironment and consequently impact tumor progression. Recent studies have elucidated a correlation between TAMs and various clinicopathological parameters of GC, such as tumor size, differentiation, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging, highlighting the pivotal role of TAMs in GC development and metastasis. In this review, we aim to comprehensively examine the bidirectional communication between GC cells and TAMs, the implications of alterations in the tumor microenvironment on immune escape, invasion, and metastasis in GC, targeted therapeutic approaches for GC, and the efficacy of potential GC drug resistance strategies.

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Section: The Overview Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Qiu,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Their diameters typically range from 30 to 5,000 nm. Generally, based on the size, origin, and functional characteristics of EVs, they can be classified into different subtypes, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies ( Kalluri and McAndrews, 2023 ; Pourali et al, 2023 ). EVs were discovered as early as the 1960s, but at that time, little was known about them ( Bonucci, 1967 ; Wolf, 1967 ; Anderson, 1969 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological role of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer metastasis

Lei,

Cai,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a tumor characterized by high incidence and mortality, with metastasis being the primary cause of poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important intercellular communication medium. They contain bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs play a crucial biological role in the process of GC metastasis. Through mechanisms such as remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune suppression, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesothelial–mesenchymal transition (MMT), EVs promote invasion and metastasis in GC. Further exploration of the biological roles of EVs will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis and may provide novel targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which EVs influence GC metastasis from four aspects: remodeling the TME, modulating the immune system, influencing angiogenesis, and modulating the processes of EMT and MMT. Finally, we briefly summarized the organotropism of GC metastasis as well as the potential and limitations of EVs in GC.

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Extracellular vesicles: Emerging mediators of cell communication in gastrointestinal cancers exhibiting metabolic abnormalities

Cited by 2 publications

References 145 publications

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

The biological role of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer metastasis

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