Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Carriers in Drug Delivery: Considerations from a Cell Biologist’s Perspective

Pedrioli, Giona; Piovesana, Ester; Vacchi, Elena; Balbi, Carolina

doi:10.3390/biology10050376

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Many protocols used phosphate-buffered saline as a storage buffer for Exo for cryopreservation. The addition of some components such as trehalose into phosphate-buffered saline can prohibit Exo swelling [ 21 ]. Exosomal aggregation or cryodamage is another issue regarding the maintenance at below temperatures, leading to loss of Exo functionality after administration.…”

Section: Challenges Related To Exo Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications, challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in regenerative medicine

2021

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Recent advances in the identification and application of different stem cell types have offered alternative therapeutic approaches for clinicians. The lack of successful engraftment, migration into the injured site, loss of functionality and viability, ethical issues, shortage of donated allogeneic stem cells and the possibility of transmission of infectious are the main challenges associated with direct cell transplantation. The discovery and research on exosomes have led to the rise of hopes for the alleviation of different pathologies in regenerative medicine. Exo are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (40–150 nm) and released by each type. These nanoparticles participate in cell-to-cell communication in a paracrine manner. It is thought that the application of Exo can circumvent several drawbacks related to whole-cell therapies. Because of their appropriate size and stability, Exo are touted as therapeutic bullets transferring signaling factors into the acceptor cells in a paracrine manner. Despite these advantages, technologies associated with Exo isolation and purification are challenging because of heterogeneity in exosomal size and cargo. The lack of standard GMP-grade protocols is the main hurdle that limits the extensive application of Exo in the clinical setting. Here, the authors aimed to inspire a logical and realistic vision about problems associated with Exo application in regenerative medicine.

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Section: Challenges Related To Exo Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications, challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in regenerative medicine

2021

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“…These vesicles, ‘mini‐cells’, often kept plasmids in their cytoplasm, allowing protein expression from artificial constructs (Grindley et al ., 1977; Miller et al ., 1977; Bose et al ., 2020). Similarly, in animal cell‐free systems, exosomes or cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles have been used in therapeutic intervention (Pedrioli et al ., 2021). Lipid vesicles have also been used for some time and they are now used for glycosylation of proteins in cell‐free systems (Hershewe et al ., 2021).…”

Section: In Vitro Syntheses and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo, in vitro and in silico: an open space for the development of microbe‐based applications of synthetic biology

Danchin

2021

Microbial Biotechnology

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Living systems are studied using three complementary approaches: living cells, cell-free systems and computer-mediated modelling. Progresses in understanding, allowing researchers to create novel chassis and industrial processes rest on a cycle that combines in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies. This design-build-test-learn iteration loop cycle between experiments and analyses combines together physiology, genetics, biochemistry and bioinformatics in a way that keeps going forward. Because computeraided approaches are not directly constrained by the material nature of the entities of interest, we illustrate here how this virtuous cycle allows researchers to explore chemistry which is foreign to that present in extant life, from whole chassis to novel metabolic cycles. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of evolution.

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“…In recent years, researchers explored the possible applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug carriers [ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. EVs are small cell-derived membranous particles delimited by a lipid-bilayer, containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.…”

Section: Microalgae Engineering For the Production Of Pharmacological Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs are small cell-derived membranous particles delimited by a lipid-bilayer, containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs are released by cells into the environment under physiological and pathological conditions for cell communication [ 89 , 90 ]. EVs showed many interesting characteristics for potential use as therapeutic molecules and drug delivery systems.…”

Section: Microalgae Engineering For the Production Of Pharmacological Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs showed many interesting characteristics for potential use as therapeutic molecules and drug delivery systems. Indeed, EVs showed low immunological response, low toxicity, and these vesicles are able to cross various barriers, and showed the ability to transport and protect their cargo [ 89 , 92 ]. EVs have been evaluated for their potential to produce nanomedicine-based therapeutics; thus, the research has been focused on the possibility to use engineered EVs as vectors in specific therapies [ 91 ].…”

Section: Microalgae Engineering For the Production Of Pharmacological Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Applications for Protein and Compounds from Microalgae

Castiglia¹,

Landi

Esposito

2021

Plants

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Algal species still show unrevealed and unexplored potentiality for the identification of new compounds. Photosynthetic organisms represent a valuable resource to exploit and sustain the urgent need of sustainable and green technologies. Particularly, unconventional organisms from extreme environments could hide properties to be employed in a wide range of biotechnology applications, due to their peculiar alleles, proteins, and molecules. In this review we report a detailed dissection about the latest and advanced applications of protein derived from algae. Furthermore, the innovative use of modified algae as bio-reactors to generate proteins or bioactive compounds was discussed. The latest progress about pharmaceutical applications, including the possibility to obtain drugs to counteract virus (as SARS-CoV-2) were also examined. The last paragraph will survey recent cases of the utilization of extremophiles as bio-factories for specific protein and molecule production.

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Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Carriers in Drug Delivery: Considerations from a Cell Biologist’s Perspective

Cited by 19 publications

References 119 publications

Applications, challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in regenerative medicine

Applications, challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in regenerative medicine

In vivo, in vitro and in silico: an open space for the development of microbe‐based applications of synthetic biology

Advanced Applications for Protein and Compounds from Microalgae

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