Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Theranostic Platforms for Skin Diseases and Aging

Kim, Hyo‐Suk; Lee, Jong Won; Han, Geonhee; Kim, Kwangmeyung; Yang, Yoosoo; Kim, Sun Hwa

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13050760

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, ADSC-EVs manifested a superior impact on wound healing than EVs derived from other stem cells, which might be due to their robust angiogenic effect ( 13 ). ADSC-EVs might accelerate skin wound repair by participating in inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling ( 14 , 15 ), regulating cell apoptosis and autophagy ( 16 , 17 ), and relieving oxidative stress in the wound microenvironment ( 18 ). The regeneration of skin appendages and recovery of physiological functions are also promoted by ADSC-EVs ( 19 , 20 ), which is essential for ideal skin regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Role of ADSC-EVs in Skin Regeneration

et al. 2022

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Large skin defects caused by burns, unhealing chronic wounds, and trauma, are still an intractable problem for clinicians and researchers. Ideal skin regeneration includes several intricate and dynamic stages of wound repair and regeneration of skin physiological function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with abundant resources and micro-invasive extraction protocols, have been reported to participate in each stage of promoting skin regeneration via paracrine effects. As essential products secreted by ADSCs, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ADSCs (ADSC-EVs) inherit such therapeutic potential. However, ADSC-EVs showed much more clinical superiorities than parental cells. ADSC-EVs carry various mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids to regulate the activities of recipient cells and eventually accelerate skin regeneration. The beneficial role of ADSCs in wound repair has been widely accepted, while a deep comprehension of the mechanisms of ADSC-EVs in skin regeneration remains unclear. In this review, we provided a basic profile of ADSC-EVs. Moreover, we summarized the latest mechanisms of ADSC-EVs on skin regeneration from the aspects of inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Hair follicle regeneration and skin barrier repair stimulated by ADSC-EVs were also reviewed. The challenges and prospects of ADSC-EVs-based therapies were discussed at the end of this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Role of ADSC-EVs in Skin Regeneration

et al. 2022

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“…EVs have emerged as informative biomarkers with the potential to become a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various diseases. EVs can be used as biological indicators for cardiometabolic diseases [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ], neurological diseases [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ], liver diseases [ 74 , 75 ], kidney diseases [ 76 ], respiratory diseases [ 77 ], skin diseases [ 2 , 78 ], and detection of graft rejection [ 79 ]. Small EVs from oral biofluids (i.e., saliva and gingival crevicular fluid) may act as biomarkers for diagnosing oral diseases noninvasively [ 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Value Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

Kee

Al-Masawa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much attention, as they are rich in biological components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles in tissue regeneration and disease modification. In addition, EVs can be developed as vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases, as the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants and virulent factors. EVs for therapeutic applications are typically collected from conditioned media of cultured cells. However, the number of EVs secreted by the cells is limited. Thus, it is critical to devise new strategies for the large-scale production of EVs. Here, we discussed the strategies utilized by researchers for the scalable production of EVs. Techniques such as bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, magnetic field stimulation, topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure to small molecules, exposure to nanoparticles, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, and genetic modification have been used to improve the secretion of EVs by cultured cells. In addition, nitrogen cavitation, porous membrane extrusion, and sonication have been utilized to prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles that share many characteristics with naturally secreted EVs. Apart from inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions have also been reported to modify the EVs’ cargo and thus their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, it is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently. Ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.

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“…For example, human keratinocyte-derived microvesicle miR-21 can promote skin wound healing in diabetic rats by facilitating fibroblast function and angiogenesis (Li et al 2019b), whereas endothelial cell EV-delivered miR-106b delays wound healing through suppression of collagen I content and angiogenesis (Qi et al 2021). Moreover, EV-delivered miRNAs serve as crucial players in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) wound therapy (Kim et al 2021). To this end, synovial MSC EV-delivered miR-126-3p (Tao et al 2017), umbilical cord MSC EV-transferred miR-27b (Cheng et al 2020), adipose-derived stem cell-secreted EV enriched with miR-486-5p (Lu et al 2020), and exosomal miR-135a derived from amnion MSCs (Gao et al 2020) have all been shown to accelerate wound healing in murine models.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicle Mirnas In Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Code: Noncoding RNAs in Skin Wound Healing

Niu

Landén

2022

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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An increasing number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to regulate gene expression and protein functions, playing important roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Their crucial functions have been reported in almost every cell type and all stages of skin wound healing. Evidence of their pathogenetic roles in common wound complications, such as chronic nonhealing wounds and excessive scarring, is also accumulating. Given their unique expression and functional properties, ncRNAs are promising therapeutic and diagnostic entities. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the functional roles of noncoding elements, such as microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, in skin wound healing, focusing on in vivo evidence from studies of human wound samples and animal wound models. Finally, we provide a perspective on the outlook of ncRNA-based therapeutics in wound care.

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Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Theranostic Platforms for Skin Diseases and Aging

Cited by 8 publications

References 135 publications

The Therapeutic Role of ADSC-EVs in Skin Regeneration

The Therapeutic Role of ADSC-EVs in Skin Regeneration

Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

Beyond the Code: Noncoding RNAs in Skin Wound Healing

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