Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Vectors for Precise Cancer Treatment

Cao, Xinhui; Liang, Mingxing; Wu, Yang; Yang, Kai; Tang, Jinhai; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.2217/nnm-2021-0123

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…In particular, the method of imparting functions to EVs that are extracted by manipulating the cells described above is significantly different from the DDS technology that is applied to conventional artificial nanoparticle preparations. It was also revealed that CpG DNA-modified EVs showed a strong anti-tumor immune response by reacting with biotin derivatives of CpG DNA, which is an immunostimulatory nucleic acid, with the EVs modified by the fusion of protein with streptavidin showing binding to biotin and lactadherin, which is an EV-migrating protein [117,127].…”

Section: Modification Of Evs As Dds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2022

Membranes

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Since it has been reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry cargo using cell-to-cell comminication according to various in vivo situations, they are exprected to be applied as new drug-delivery systems (DDSs). In addition, non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have attracted much attention as potential biomarkers in the encapsulated extracellular-vesicle (EV) form. EVs are bilayer-based lipids with heterogeneous populations of varying sizes and compositions. The EV-mediated transport of contents, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, has attracted attention as a DDS through intracellular communication. Many reports have been made on the development of methods for introducing molecules into EVs and efficient methods for introducing them into target vesicles. In this review, we outline the possible molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs in exosomes participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways via cell–cell communication as novel DDSs, especially small EVs.

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Section: Modification Of Evs As Dds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2022

Membranes

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“…Although PTX has a low water solubility in clinical applications, it is frequently dissolved in Cremophor EL and ethanol to increase solubility. Cremophor EL, on the other hand, can produce hypersensitivity responses, such as hyperlipidemia and red blood cell aggregation, and permanent sensory neuropathy in the long run [267]. In a study, researchers encapsulated PTX in milk-derived exosomes and produced continuous PTX release for up to 48 h while maintaining optimal drug stability.…”

Section: Drug Delivery Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Pioneer Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of Cancer Initiation in Progression, Drug Therapy, and Vaccine Prospects

Jahan

Mukherjee

Ali

et al. 2022

Cells

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Cancer is one of the leading diseases, causing deaths worldwide. Nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2020 due to cancer alone. Several factors are involved in cancer progressions, such as lifestyle and genetic characteristics. According to a recent report, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy failure. EVs can play a major role in intracellular communication, the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis in several types of diseases. In a healthy person, EVs carry different cargoes, such as miRNA, lncRNA etc., to help other body functions. On the other hand, the same EV in a tumor microenvironment carries cargoes such as miRNA, lncRNA, etc., to initiate or help cancer progression at various stages. These stages may include the proliferation of cells and escape from apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis, reprogramming energy metabolism, evasion of the immune response, and transfer of mutations. Tumor-derived EVs manipulate by altering normal functions of the body and affect the epigenetics of normal cells by limiting the genetic makeup through transferring mutations, histone modifications, etc. Tumor-derived EVs also pose therapy resistance through transferring drug efflux pumps and posing multiple drug resistances. Such EVs can also help as biomarkers for different cancer types and stages, which ultimately help with cancer diagnosis at early stages. In this review, we will shed light on EVs’ role in performing normal functions of the body and their position in different hallmarks of cancer, in altering the genetics of a normal cell in a tumor microenvironment, and their role in therapy resistance, as well as the importance of EVs as diagnostic tools.

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“…Plant-derived EVs were evaluated for their therapeutic activities towards tumor cells and their abilities to be used as drug carriers. These EVs were extracted from edible plants [71]. Only recently did plant-derived EVs enter the recruitment processes for clinical trials.…”

Section: Plant-derived Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 5) It is established that EVs could pass the BBB, giving an advantage in treating brain tumors. ( 6) Due to EVs' ability to circulate the blood, the drug's effect can last longer in the system [71].…”

Section: Application Of Evs As a Therapeutic Or Drug Delivery Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theragnostic Applications of Mammal and Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Latest Findings, Current Technologies, and Prospects

et al. 2022

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The way cells communicate is not fully understood. However, it is well-known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved. Researchers initially thought that EVs were used by cells to remove cellular waste. It is now clear that EVs function as signaling molecules released by cells to communicate with one another, carrying a cargo representing the mother cell. Furthermore, these EVs can be found in all biological fluids, making them the perfect non-invasive diagnostic tool, as their cargo causes functional changes in the cells upon receiving, unlike synthetic drug carriers. EVs last longer in circulation and instigate minor immune responses, making them the perfect drug carrier. This review sheds light on the latest development in EVs isolation, characterization and, application as therapeutic cargo, novel drug loading techniques, and diagnostic tools. We also address the advancement in plant-derived EVs, their characteristics, and applications; since plant-derived EVs only recently gained focus, we listed the latest findings. Although there is much more to learn about, EV is a wide field of research; what scientists have discovered so far is fascinating. This paper is suitable for those new to the field seeking to understand EVs and those already familiar with it but wanting to review the latest findings.

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Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Vectors for Precise Cancer Treatment

Cited by 18 publications

References 126 publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Pioneer Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of Cancer Initiation in Progression, Drug Therapy, and Vaccine Prospects

Theragnostic Applications of Mammal and Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Latest Findings, Current Technologies, and Prospects

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