Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science

Nederveen, Joshua P.; Warnier, Geoffrey; Carlo, Alessia Di; Nilsson, Mats I.; Tarnopolsky, Mark A.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.604274

Cited by 110 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(326 reference statements)

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“…Recently it has been shown that healthy aging is also reflected by the profile of circulating exosomes, and exercise−induced beneficial effects may be related with the modulation of these exosomes ( Bertoldi et al, 2018 ). There are reports indicating the changes of various miRNA species in exosomes following an acute of exercise ( D’souza et al, 2018 ; Yin et al, 2019 ), however only a small number of studies examine exosomes in response to long-term training ( Nederveen et al, 2021 ). Of note, in a mammalian study the levels of miR−19b, miR−148a, miR−150, miR−221, miR−361, and miR−486 were up-regulated during the first month of exercise, but returned to baseline by completion of a 4−month study period ( Muroya et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species—Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies

et al. 2021

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Exercise initiates systemic adaptation to promote health and prevent various lifestyle-related chronic diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating exosomes mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise via the transfer of microRNAs between tissues. Yet to date, a comprehensive profile of the exosomal miRNA (exomiR) content released following short-term (0.5 year in this study) and long-term (25 + years in this study) regular bouts of exercise is still lacking. However, a better understanding of these miRNA species would assist in clarifying the role of regular exercise at the molecular level in the prevention of chronic diseases. In the present pilot studies we analyzed serum exomiR expression in healthy young, sedentary participants (n = 14; age: 23 ± 2 years) at baseline and following a half year-long moderate-intensity regular exercise training. We also analyzed serum exomiR expression in older, healthy trained participants (seniors, n = 11; age: 62 ± 6 years) who engaged in endurance activities for at least 25 years. Following the isolation and enrichment of serum exosomes using Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (TEI) their exomiR levels were determined using the amplification-free Nanostring platform. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the majority of exomiRs overlap for short-term (0.5 year in this study) and long-term (25 + years in this study) regular bouts of exercise. The top 12 significantly altered exomiRs (let-7a-5p; let-7g-5p; miR-130a-3p; miR-142-3p; miR-150-5p; miR-15a-5p; miR-15b-5p; miR-199a-3p; miR-199b-3p; miR-223-3p; miR-23a-3p, and miR-451a-3p) were used for further evaluation. According to KEGG pathway analysis a large portion of the exomiRs target chronic diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and viral infections. Our results provide evidence that exosomal miRNA modulation is the molecular mechanism through which regular exercise prevents various chronic diseases. The possibility of using such exomiRs to target diseases is of great interest. While further validation is needed, our comprehensive exomiR study presents, for the first time, the disease-preventive molecular pattern of both short and long-term regular exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species—Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies

et al. 2021

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“…The mechanistic underpinnings of this communication are still not fully understood (reviewed by [ 113 ] and [ 114 ]) but are thought to mainly involve endocrine signalling of skeletal muscle [ 105 ] by exercise-induced myokines [ 102 , 115 ]. Many of these molecules travel systemically (in blood or lymph) via extracellular vesicles that are today considered as key messengers of paracrine exercise signals [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], as they have been described to be released from skeletal muscle only in 2015 [ 120 ]. Apart from myokines, they transport various other bioactive molecules, such as proteins and microRNAs [ 116 , 118 ].…”

Section: How Do Muscles Communicate With the Brain?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection

Burtscher

Millet

Place

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle. Enhanced mitochondrial functions in muscle are central to exercise-induced adaptations. However, regular exercise also benefits the brain and is a major protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, such as the most common age-related form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, or the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, Parkinson’s disease. While there is evidence that exercise induces signalling from skeletal muscle to the brain, the mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk along the muscle–brain axis is incompletely understood. Mitochondria in both organs, however, seem to be central players. Here, we provide an overview on the central role of mitochondria in exercise-induced communication routes from muscle to the brain. These routes include circulating factors, such as myokines, the release of which often depends on mitochondria, and possibly direct mitochondrial transfer. On this basis, we examine the reported effects of different modes of exercise on mitochondrial features and highlight their expected benefits with regard to neurodegeneration prevention or mitigation. In addition, knowledge gaps in our current understanding related to the muscle–brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases are outlined.

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“…In contrast, 322 proteins were significantly different immediately after exercise compared to baseline [ 109 ]. Recently, a dedicated review about exercise-related EVs was published, which could be of interest to gain a deeper insight into this topic [ 110 ].…”

Section: Blood Extracellular Vesicles In Physiological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Blood: Sources, Effects, and Applications

Alberro

Iparraguirre

Fernandes

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important players for intercellular communication. EVs are secreted by almost all cell types; they can transfer information between nearby or distant cells, and they are highly abundant in body fluids. In this review, we describe the general characteristics of EVs, as well as isolation and characterization approaches. Then, we focus on one of the most relevant sources of EVs: the blood. Indeed, apart from EVs secreted by blood cells, EVs of diverse origins travel in the bloodstream. We present the numerous types of EVs that have been found in circulation. Besides, the implications of blood-derived EVs in both physiological and pathological processes are summarized, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis of several diseases, and also as indicators of physiological modifications. Finally, the applications of EVs introduced in the circulatory system are discussed. We describe the use of EVs from distinct origins, naturally produced or engineered, autologous, allogeneic, or even from different species and the effects they have when introduced in circulation. Therefore, the present work provides a comprehensive overview of the components, effects, and applications of EVs in blood.

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Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science

Cited by 110 publications

References 209 publications

Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species—Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies

Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species—Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies

The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection

Extracellular Vesicles in Blood: Sources, Effects, and Applications

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