Extracellular vesicle therapy for traumatic central nervous system disorders

Zhang, Jing; Shi, Weipeng; Qu, Di; Yu, Tao; Qi, Chao; Fu, Hua

doi:10.1186/s13287-022-03106-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Age-related thyroid deficiency can enhance exosomal transport of ApoE4 from liver to brain, which causes AD-related dementia and neuronal dysfunction in ApoE4 allele carriers. These changes also coincide with ApoE4-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of neurons (Zhang et al 2022a , b ). Exosomes isolated from serum of rats with hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury may induce neuronal damage in the hippocampus and cortex, which is associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis (Zhang et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Evs In Brain–liver Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The next challenge may require the generation of genetic animal models with organ-specific defects in the production of EVs. Another thing to think about is whether EVs generated in vitro could replace viruses or synthetic nanovectors as a new vector for organ-targeted biotherapies (Zhang et al 2022a ; Fan et al 2022 ; Riazifar et al 2019 ; Xu et al 2021 ). Also, isolation and purification of EVs is a major challenge, which requires more accurate and reliable techniques and methods to measure the number and distribution of EVs and to isolate functionally and morphologically distinct subpopulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2023

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A number of substances released by the brain under physiological and pathological conditions exert effects on other organs. In turn, substances produced primarily by organs such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, or the heart may have an impact on the metabolism and function and metabolism of the healthy and diseased brain. Despite a mounting amount of evidence supports such bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs, research on the function of molecular mediators carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is in the early stages. In addition to being able to target or reach practically any organ, EVs have the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier to transport a range of substances (lipids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) to recipient cells, exerting biological effects. Here, we review the function of EVs in bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs. In a small number of cases, the role has been explicitly proven; yet, in most cases, it relies on indirect evidence from EVs in cell culture or animal models. There is a dearth of research currently available on the function of EVs-carrying mediators in the bidirectional communication between the brain and bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, heart, lungs, and gut. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine how EVs facilitate communication between the brain and other organs.

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Section: Evs In Brain–liver Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2023

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“…Interrelation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the central nervous system (CNS). (Adapted with permission from ref . Copyright licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, 2022, Stem Cell Research & Therapy, BMC).…”

Section: Interrelation Between Tbi and Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Dey,

Ghosh,

Bhuniya

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood−brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.

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“…They are capable of delivering bioactive molecules such as proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs to recipient cells, thereby modulating their functions [8]. Evidence suggests that they maintain similar biological traits as their parent cells, promoting repair, regeneration, and neuroprotection in CNS injuries and diseases [9]. For example, the transplantation of neuron-derived EXOs inhibits the in ammatory response after ischemic stroke and mitigates cerebral infarction and neuronal death, without signi cant side effects [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M2 Microglia-derived Exosomes promote spinal cord injury recovery in mice by alleviating A1 astrocyte activation

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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M2 microglia transplantation has previously demonstrated beneficial effects on spinal cord injury (SCI) by regulating neuroinflammation and enhancing neuronal survival. Exosomes (EXOs), secreted by almost all cell types, embody partial functions and properties of their parent cells. However, the effect of M2 microglia-derived EXOs (M2-EXOs) on SCI recovery and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we isolated M2-EXOs and intravenously introduced them into mice with SCI. Considering the reciprocal communication between microglia and astroglia in both healthy and injured central nervous systems (CNSs), we subsequently focused on the influence of M2-EXOs on astrocyte phenotype regulation. Our findings indicated that M2-EXOs promoted neuron survival and axon preservation, reduced the lesion area, inhibited A1 astrocyte activation, and improved motor function recovery in SCI mice. Moreover, they inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in A1 astrocytes. Therefore, our research suggests that M2-EXOs mitigate the activation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway, thereby improving spinal tissue preservation and motor function recovery following SCI. This positions M2-EXOs as a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI.

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Extracellular vesicle therapy for traumatic central nervous system disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 133 publications

Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles

Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles

Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

M2 Microglia-derived Exosomes promote spinal cord injury recovery in mice by alleviating A1 astrocyte activation

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