Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Differentiation of Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Stronati, Eleonora; Conti, Roberta; Cacci, Emanuele; Cardarelli, Silvia; Biagioni, Stefano; Poiana, Giancarlo

doi:10.3390/ijms20153691

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…During early development, neural stem cells (NSCs) release EVs that affect neurogenesis and appear to regulate the switch between the neurogenic and gliogenic fate by delivering micro‐RNAs. The influence on NSC fate, however, may differ depending on the regional origin or the specific developmental state of the NSCs 12,13 . In addition to their impact on neurogenesis, NSC‐EVs exhibit immunomodulatory activity turning them to promising candidates for application in regenerative therapies of brain disease or injuries 14,15 …”

Section: Cellular Routes Of Neural Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis

et al. 2021

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Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis critically depends on the interaction between neurons and glia cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as versatile messengers in CNS cell communication. EVs are released by neurons and glia in activity-dependent manner and address multiple target cells within and outside the nervous system. Here, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the physiological roles of EVs in the nervous system and their ability to deliver signals across the CNS barriers. In addition to the disposal of cellular components via EVs and clearance by phagocytic cells, EVs are involved in plasticity-associated processes, mediate trophic support and neuroprotection, promote axonal maintenance, and modulate neuroinflammation. While individual functional components of the EV cargo are becoming progressively identified, the role of neural EVs as compound multimodal signaling entities remains to be elucidated. Novel transgenic models and imaging technologies allow EVtracking in vivo and provide further insight into EV targeting and their mode of action. Overall, EVs represent key players in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis essential for the life-long performance of neural networks and thus provide a wide spectrum of biomedical applications.

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Section: Cellular Routes Of Neural Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis

et al. 2021

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“…They became almost an obligatory part of the neuroscience toolbox, so they are used in basic research [ 132 ] and in new translational strategies [ 133 , 134 ]. Their biological properties mostly depend on secreting intrinsic and extrinsic factors and molecules by which they control neural development and recovery [ 135 ]. These factors and molecules include: growth factors, proteins, miRNA and vesicles, which when secreted are known as extracellular vesicles.…”

Section: Type and Role Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tool for Diagnosis, Regeneration and Protection against Neurological Damage

Anđjus

Kosanović

Milićević

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently attracted a great deal of interest as they may represent a new biosignaling paradigm. According to the mode of biogenesis, size and composition, two broad categories of EVs have been described, exosomes and microvesicles. EVs have been shown to carry cargoes of signaling proteins, RNA species, DNA and lipids. Once released, their content is selectively taken up by near or distant target cells, influencing their behavior. Exosomes are involved in cell–cell communication in a wide range of embryonic developmental processes and in fetal–maternal communication. In the present review, an outline of the role of EVs in neural development, regeneration and diseases is presented. EVs can act as regulators of normal homeostasis, but they can also promote either neuroinflammation/degeneration or tissue repair in pathological conditions, depending on their content. Since EV molecular cargo constitutes a representation of the origin cell status, EVs can be exploited in the diagnosis of several diseases. Due to their capability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), EVs not only have been suggested for the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders by means of minimally invasive procedures, i.e., “liquid biopsies”, but they are also considered attractive tools for targeted drug delivery across the BBB. From the therapeutic perspective, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising sources of EVs. In particular, the neuroprotective properties of MSCs derived from the dental pulp are here discussed.

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“…In particular, by microarray analysis, it was found that these exosomes contained high amounts of miR-125b (already known to play a role in neurogenesis) [224]. By the way, neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) were found to release EVs too, both in proliferating and differentiating conditions; however, EVs derived from differentiating NSPCs induce differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, and in a cell-type specific direction-EVs from astrocyte-like cells can indeed drive NSPC differentiation toward glial lineage [225].…”

Section: Synaptic Plasticity: the Possible Role Of Evs And Their Cargoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-to-Cell Communication in Learning and Memory: From Neuro- and Glio-Transmission to Information Exchange Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles

Schiera

Liegro

2019

IJMS

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Most aspects of nervous system development and function rely on the continuous crosstalk between neurons and the variegated universe of non-neuronal cells surrounding them. The most extraordinary property of this cellular community is its ability to undergo adaptive modifications in response to environmental cues originating from inside or outside the body. Such ability, known as neuronal plasticity, allows long-lasting modifications of the strength, composition and efficacy of the connections between neurons, which constitutes the biochemical base for learning and memory. Nerve cells communicate with each other through both wiring (synaptic) and volume transmission of signals. It is by now clear that glial cells, and in particular astrocytes, also play critical roles in both modes by releasing different kinds of molecules (e.g., D-serine secreted by astrocytes). On the other hand, neurons produce factors that can regulate the activity of glial cells, including their ability to release regulatory molecules. In the last fifteen years it has been demonstrated that both neurons and glial cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) of different kinds, both in physiologic and pathological conditions. Here we discuss the possible involvement of EVs in the events underlying learning and memory, in both physiologic and pathological conditions.

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Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Differentiation of Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis

Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis

Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tool for Diagnosis, Regeneration and Protection against Neurological Damage

Cell-to-Cell Communication in Learning and Memory: From Neuro- and Glio-Transmission to Information Exchange Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles

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