Extracellular vesicle and mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration: recent progress and perspectives

Chu, Chenyu; Wei, Shi-Min; Wang, Zhengliang; Wang, Yufei; Man, Yi; Qu, Yang

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.36518

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…In bone regeneration, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are considered promising seed cells for tissue engineering applications, especially due to their excellent potential for differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, and other cell types. 12,13 The outcomes of BMSC proliferation and differentiation are highly influenced by the surrounding environment. 14 Nanomaterials play significant roles in determining the fate of BMSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Role of Tantalum Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration Involves the BMP2/Smad4/Runx2 Signaling Pathway</p>

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Background: In recent years, nanomaterials have been increasingly developed and applied in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, there are few studies on the induction of bone regeneration by tantalum nanoparticles (Ta NPs) and no reports on the effects of Ta NPs on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the underlying mechanisms. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Ta NPs on bone regeneration and BMSC osteogenic differentiation and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The effects of Ta NPs on bone regeneration were evaluated in an animal experiment, and the effects of Ta NPs on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in cell experiments. In the animal experiment, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and hard-tissue section analysis showed that Ta NPs promoted bone regeneration, and immunohistochemistry revealed elevated expression of BMP2 and Smad4 in cells cultured with Ta NPs. Results: The results of the cell experiments showed that Ta NPs promoted BMSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, BMP2 secretion and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, and the expression of related osteogenic genes and proteins (especially BMP2, Smad4 and Runx2) was upregulated under culture with Ta NPs. Smad4 expression, ALP activity, ECM mineralization, and osteogenesis-related gene and protein expression decreased after inhibiting Smad4. Conclusion: These data suggest that Ta NPs have an osteogenic effect and induce bone regeneration by activating the BMP2/Smad4/Runx2 signaling pathway, which in turn causes BMSCs to undergo osteogenic differentiation. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Ta NPs in bone regeneration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Role of Tantalum Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration Involves the BMP2/Smad4/Runx2 Signaling Pathway</p>

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

IJN

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“…It has also been found that bioactive molecules, such as IGF-1, TGF-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), angiogenin, and IL-6 that are derived from MSCs, can support bone regeneration to a great extent [ 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 ]. Furthermore, exosomes released by MSCs have been demonstrated to have a promising effect on bone remodeling and the prevention of bone loss in vivo [ 177 , 178 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Approach and Novel Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis

Noh

Yang

Jung

2020

IJMS

164

121

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Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease. It has been estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States and 200 million men and women worldwide have osteoporosis. Given that the aging population is rapidly increasing in many countries, osteoporosis could become a global challenge with an impact on the quality of life of the affected individuals. Osteoporosis can be defined as a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures due to the deterioration of the bone architecture. Thus, the major goal of treatment is to reduce the risk for fractures. There are several treatment options, mostly medications that can control disease progression in risk groups, such as postmenopausal women and elderly men. Recent studies on the basic molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of osteoporosis have identified novel therapeutic targets. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for osteoporosis management in the future. Here, we review the etiology of osteoporosis and the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling, present current pharmacological options, and discuss emerging therapies targeting novel mechanisms, investigational treatments, and new promising therapeutic approaches.

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“…To date, there have been an increasing number of studies of biomaterial-mediated EV therapies, in which diverse scaffolds with modifications of their properties have shown great potential for loading and controlling the release of EVs. Although several recent reviews have focused on EV application in tissue regeneration as well as the involved mechanisms of EVs (Chen et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2017;Taverna et al, 2017;Keshtkar et al, 2018;Li Q. et al, 2018;Chu et al, 2019), our review specifically focuses on the controlled release of EVs loaded in scaffolds and provides a discussion of the existing and potential modifications of EVs delivery systems for BTE (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles Loaded in Biomaterial Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoparticles actively released by cells that comprise highly conserved and efficient systems of intercellular communication. In recent years, numerous studies have proven that EVs play an important role in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to several advantages, such as good biosafety, stability and efficient delivery. However, the application of EVs therapies in bone regeneration has not been widely used. One of the major challenges for the application of EVs is the lack of sufficient scaffolds to load and control the release of EVs. Thus, in this review, we describe the most advanced current strategies for delivering EVs with various biomaterials for the use in bone regeneration, the role of EVs in bone regeneration, the distribution of EVs mediated by biomaterials and common methods of promoting EVs delivery efficacy with a focus on biomaterial properties.

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Extracellular vesicle and mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration: recent progress and perspectives

Cited by 39 publications

References 99 publications

<p>The Role of Tantalum Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration Involves the BMP2/Smad4/Runx2 Signaling Pathway</p>

<p>The Role of Tantalum Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration Involves the BMP2/Smad4/Runx2 Signaling Pathway</p>

Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis

The Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles Loaded in Biomaterial Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

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