Extracellular Synthesis of Luminescent CdS Quantum Dots Using Plant Cell Culture

Abstract

The present study describes a novel method for preparation of water-soluble CdS quantum dots, using bright yellow-2 (BY-2) cell suspension culture. Acting as a stabilizing and capping agent, the suspension cell culture mediates the formation of CdS nanoparticles. These semiconductor nanoparticles were determined by means of an UV-visible spectrophotometer, photoluminescence, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and XRD. Followed by the electron diffraction analysis of a selected area, transmission electron microscopy indicated the formation of spherical, crystalline CdS ranging in diameter from 3 to 7 nm and showed wurtzite CdS quantum dots. In the present work, the toxic effect of synthesized CdS quantum dots on Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts as a very sensitive model was under study. The results of this research revealed that biologically synthesized CdS nanoparticles in low concentrations did not induce any toxic effects.

Biogenic Sulfur-Based Chalcogenide Nanocrystals: Methods of Fabrication, Mechanistic Aspects, and Bio-Applications

“…For instance, Borovaya et al detailed the formation of spherical CdS QDs of 5.5-6.9 nm in size by challenging extracts of Linaria maroccana with CdSO 2 and Na 2 S for 10 days at 28 • C [197]. Following a similar process, the same group demonstrated the biosynthesis of water-soluble, luminescent spherical CdS QDs of 3-7 nm using the cell suspension of Nicotiana tabacum [75]. Their biocompatibility was assessed by challenging N. tabacum protoplasts at different concentrations of CdS QDs.…”

“…Usually, this process begins with biomass generation where organisms are grown in culture media under adequate conditions to produce the necessary biomass [17,[70][71][72]. This biomass is then appropriately treated to yield the desired biomass for the research purpose, such as, for example, isolated cells, cell-free extracts, whole living cultures [52,73], plant extracts [74,75], isolated biomolecules [76,77], and viruses [78]. Subsequently, metal precursors and, sometimes, sulfide salts and other relevant reagents are added at the adequate concentrations to, usually, aqueous solutions containing the desired amount of the biomass; then, the experiment is carried out at set parameters (e.g., pH, reaction time, temperature, etc.).…”

“…Although living plants may promote the in-vivo biosynthesis of nanomaterials [16], the use of plant extracts, such as those of leaves, stems, and fruits, remains, by far, the most explored methodology [63,196]. Unlike their analogs obtained via bacteria-or fungi-mediated processes, NPs produced using plants are sparsely covered by macromolecules; this particularity prevents the molecules from acting as capping agents and substantially altering the NP properties [75]. Several studies have shed light on the NP formation mechanism within live plants [106,164,196].…”

Structural, Optical and Photo Catalytic Properties of CdS Thin Films Synthesized by Green-CBD Method

“…Some researchers reported the use of starch biopolymer as a capping agent during synthesis of CdS nanocrystals [19]. CdS can be biosynthesized using plant culture and yeast [20]. The use of stabilizing agents during synthesis plays vital role in size confined and controlled growth of nanomaterials.…”

Phytotoxic effects of CdTe quantum dots on root meristems of Allium cepa L.

“…Moreover, recent studies show toxicity also of QDs consisting of rather non-toxic elements (Kays et al 2020). Therefore, intense research of II-VI QDs with advanced optical properties continues (Yeshchenko et al 2020), currently focused mostly on developing various functionalization of the NC surface and reducing toxicity (Borovaya et al 2016;Filali et al 2019;Garmanchuk et al 2019;Lima et al 2019). Of special interest are water-soluble QDs synthesized directly in aqueous solutions using bio-compatible stabilizers (ligands) (Raievska et al 2020).…”