Extracellular Recognition of Oomycetes during Biotrophic Infection of Plants

Raaymakers, Tom M.; Ackerveken, Guido Van den

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00906

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Despite intensive studies on devastating oomycete pathogens such as the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, knowledge is still limited for oomycete MAMP receptors in plants (Raaymakers and Van den Ackerveken, 2016). Oomycete MAMPs include cell wall components, b-1,3and b-1,6-glucans, glucan-chitosaccharides and cellulose-binding elicitor lectin (CBEL; Fliegmann et al, 2004;Khatib et al, 2004;Nars et al, 2013).…”

Section: Recognition Of Oomycete Mampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant–microbe interactions

2018

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SUMMARYPlants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe-and host damage-associated molecular patterns leads to the first layer of inducible defenses, termed pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) described to date are all membrane-associated receptor-like kinases or receptor-like proteins, reflecting the prevalence of apoplastic colonization of plant-infecting microbes. An increasing inventory of elicitor-active patterns and PRRs indicates that a large number of them are limited to a certain range of plant groups/species, pointing to dynamic and convergent evolution of pattern recognition specificities. In addition to common molecular principles of PRR signaling, recent studies have revealed substantial diversification between PRRs in their functions and regulatory mechanisms. This serves to confer robustness and plasticity to the whole PTI system in natural infections, wherein different PRRs are simultaneously engaged and faced with microbial assaults. We review the functional significance and molecular basis of PRRmediated pathogen recognition and disease resistance, and also an emerging role for PRRs in homeostatic association with beneficial or commensal microbes.

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Section: Recognition Of Oomycete Mampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracellular ATP (eATP) triggers immune responses in plants and humans (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998;Tanaka et al, 2014). In A. thaliana, the lectin-like RLK DORN1/LecRK-I.9 recognizes eATP released in response to wounding, herbivory or pathogen attack to induce PTI-like defenses Li et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Recognition Of Host Cell Alterations (Damps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant–microbe interactions

2018

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“…For instance, the oligosaccharides elicitors from M. grisea triggered phytoalexins synthesis in rice cells as the specific host and not in soybean cotyledon cells [107]. In contrast, β-glucan elicitors from Phytophthora sojae are able to activate defense responses in rice, soybean, and other non-hosts [109,110]. For example, a 75-kDa protein associated with the plasma membrane of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris binds β-glucan elicitors from Phytophthora sp with high affinity.…”

Section: The Elicitation Of Defense: Elicitor Molecules the Initiatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitor and Receptor Molecules: Orchestrators of Plant Defense and Immunity

Malik

Kumar

Nadarajah

2020

IJMS

229

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Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules produced by microorganisms and insects in the event of infection, microbial priming, and insect predation. These molecules are then recognized by receptor molecules on or within the plant, which activates the defense signaling pathways, resulting in plant’s ability to overcome pathogenic invasion, induce systemic resistance, and protect against insect predation and damage. These small molecular motifs are conserved in all organisms. Fungi, bacteria, and insects have their own specific molecular patterns that induce defenses in plants. Most of the molecular patterns are either present as part of the pathogen’s structure or exudates (in bacteria and fungi), or insect saliva and honeydew. Since biotic stresses such as pathogens and insects can impair crop yield and production, understanding the interaction between these organisms and the host via the elicitor–receptor interaction is essential to equip us with the knowledge necessary to design durable resistance in plants. In addition, it is also important to look into the role played by beneficial microbes and synthetic elicitors in activating plants’ defense and protection against disease and predation. This review addresses receptors, elicitors, and the receptor–elicitor interactions where these components in fungi, bacteria, and insects will be elaborated, giving special emphasis to the molecules, responses, and mechanisms at play, variations between organisms where applicable, and applications and prospects.

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“…The main cell wall components of oomycetes are β‐glucans and cellulose (Fugelstad, ; Raaymakers and Van den Ackerveken, ). We focused on a cellulose synthase gene as a target for sRNA‐mediated silencing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA inhibits infection by downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis

Bilir¹,

Telli²,

Norman³

et al. 2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Gene silencing exists in eukaryotic organisms as a conserved regulation of the gene expression mechanism. In general, small RNAs (sRNAs) are produced within the eukaryotic cells and incorporated into an RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) within cells. However, exogenous sRNAs, once delivered into cells, can also silence target genes via the same RISC. Here, we explored this concept by targeting the Cellulose synthase A3 (CesA3) gene of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), the downy mildew pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hpa spore suspensions were mixed with sense or antisense sRNAs and inoculated onto susceptible Arabidopsis seedlings. While sense sRNAs had no obvious effect on Hpa pathogenicity, antisense sRNAs inhibited spore germination and hence infection. Such inhibition of infection was not race‐specific, but dependent on the length and capping of sRNAs. Inhibition of infection by double stranded sRNA was more efficient than that observed with antisense sRNA. Thus, exogenous sRNA targeting conserved CesA3 could suppress Hpa infection in Arabidopsis, indicating the potential of this simple and efficient sRNA‐based approach for deciphering gene functions in obligate biotrophic pathogens as well as for R‐gene independent control of diseases in plants.

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Extracellular Recognition of Oomycetes during Biotrophic Infection of Plants

Cited by 38 publications

References 117 publications

Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant–microbe interactions

Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant–microbe interactions

Elicitor and Receptor Molecules: Orchestrators of Plant Defense and Immunity

Small RNA inhibits infection by downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis

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