Extracellular Polymer of Candida albicans: Isolation, Analysis and Role in Adhesion

McCourtie, Jane; Douglas, L. Julia

doi:10.1099/00221287-131-3-495

Cited by 102 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast to its planktonic counterpart C. albicans biofi lm EPS contained signifi cantly less carbohydrate (40%) and protein (5%). The fact that the matrix of EPS might act as a barrier to the diffusion of antifungal agents and so limit the access of drug to organism deep in the biofi lm has been explored earlier [7,18]. Baillie and Douglas [6], reported that synthesis of C. albicans biofi lm Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofilm formation by Candida albicans isolated from intrauterine devices

et al. 2008

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Our survey revealed that infected intrauterine devices (IUDs) recovered from patients suffering from reproductive tract infections (RTIs) were tainted with Candida biofi lm composed of a single or multiple species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of C. albicans biofi lm topography showed that it consists of a dense network of mono-or multilayer of cells embedded within the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images depicted that C. albicans biofi lms have a highly heterogeneous architecture composed of cellular and noncellular elements with EPS distributed in the cell-surface periphery or at cell-cell interface. Biochemical analysis showed that EPS produced by C. albicans biofi lm contained signifi cantly reduced total carbohydrate (40%), protein (5%) and enhanced amount of hexosamine (4%) in contrast to its planktonic counterparts. The in vitro activity of antifungal agents amphotericin B, nystatin, fl uconazole and chlorhexidine against pre-formed C. albicans biofi lm, assessed using XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay revealed increased resistance of these infectious biofi lm (50% reduction in metabolic activity at a concentration of 8, 16, 64, 128 μg/ml respectively) in comparison to its planktonic form.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planktonic extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was isolated from culture supernatant of C. albicans using the acetone precipitation technique [7]. Briefl y, 48 h grown culture supernatant was treated with 1.5 volume of chilled acetone and centrifuged at 17000xg for 15 min.…”

Section: Eps Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation by Candida albicans isolated from intrauterine devices

et al. 2008

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“…"* 37 This is considered to be due to the changes in the yeast cell surface components with resultant formation of extracellular fibrillar material which promotes candidal adherence. 38 Compared with C. albicans, which adhered in almost equal numbers to both HeLa cells and acrylic surfaces, C. krusei demonstrated 2-4-fold greater affinity for acrylic than for HeLa cell surfaces. This may be explicable in terms of the significantly higher (fivefold) cell surface hydrophobicity of C. krusei compared with C. albicans (Y. H. Samaranayake, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion and colonisation of Candida krusei on host surfaces

Samaranayake

et al. 1994

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary.Candida krusei is an emerging pathogen, especially in immunocompromised hosts. As the adherence of this organism both to host epithelial surfaces and to catheter and prosthetic surfaces appears to be important in the pathogenesis of superficial as well as systemic candidoses, the adhesion of 20 oral isolates of C. krusei and five oral isolates of C. albicans was compared with the following substrates : cultured (HeLa) epithelial cells, buccal epithelial cells (BEC) from healthy adults and bone marrow transplant patients, and acrylic (polymethylmethacrylate) surfaces. Animal experiments in Sprague Dawley rats were also conducted to evaluate the relative oral carriage rate of the two Candida spp. C. krusei isolates adhered in far greater numbers to acrylic surfaces than to either of the cell surfaces. Significant intra-species differences in C. krusei adhesion for acrylic surfaces were noted between 74 (39 %) of 190 pair comparisons in contrast to 18 (9.5 %) of 190 with HeLa surfaces (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was also observed between the adhesion of C. krusei isolates to HeLa cells and acrylic surfaces. Five isolates of C. albicans showed very low adherence to HeLa surfaces when compared with BEC obtained from either healthy individuals or bone marrow transplant patients. The adherence of C. albicans to BEC from the healthy individuals was c. 12-fold greater than that of C. krusei, a figure similar to the relative murine oral carriage rate of the two Candida spp. However, the adhesion of C. albicans to BEC from bone marrow transplant patients was three-fold less than to BEC of healthy individuals whilst C. krusei adhesion remained the same, reflecting a possible selective colonisation process which may operate in these patient groups, possibly as a result of drug therapy. The current data, while confirming the inter-and intra-species differences in adherence of Candida spp. to host surfaces, illustrate that adherence-related factors may operate during colonisation of C. krusei on mucosal, catheter and prosthetic surfaces, in vivo in both health and disease.

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“…According to the literature, extracellular material is often associated with Candida biofilm structure. In biofilms, the role of extracellular material includes adhesion (McCourtie & Douglas, 1985) and resistance to antifungal agents (Baillie & Douglas, 2000;Al-Fattani & Douglas, 2006). Although it has been shown that baicalein affects biofilm production by C. albicans , analysis of the effect of baicalein on the biofilm matrix was not carried out.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antifungal activity of the flavonoid baicalein against Candida species

Serpa

França

Furlaneto-Maia

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of baicalein, the flavone constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis, and synergism of the combination of baicalein and fluconazole against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. The MIC 50 (lowest concentration at which there was 50 % inhibition of growth) of baicalein alone against six Candida strains ranged from 13 to 104 mg ml "1 . For the three species tested, exposure to baicalein at the MIC 50 concentrations obtained for each strain resulted in a high loss of viability. The fluconazole plus baicalein combination markedly reduced the MICs of both drugs for all three strains analysed. In addition, a synergistic effect between baicalein and fluconazole was observed for C. parapsilosis in terms of MIC 50 (fractional inhibitory concentration index50.207). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that yeast cells exposed to baicalein at MIC 50 produced a profusely flocculent extracellular material, resembling a biofilm-like structure. In conclusion, these results showed the antifungal capability of baicalein against Candida species and highlight a promising role of baicalein when used in combination with fluconazole against Candida infections. INTRODUCTIONCandidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans caused by Candida species, most notably by Candida albicans. Currently, other species of this genus have been found to cause an increasing number of cases of candidiasis (Mokaddas et al., 2007;Pereira et al., 2010;Das et al., 2011).The therapy of invasive candidiasis remains a difficult medical problem. Despite the availability of extendedspectrum triazoles, the incidence of invasive infections and resistance to antifungal therapy continue to increase (Pfaller & Diekema, 2010). Widespread use of antifungal agents could be an explanation for the emergence of the more resistant non-albicans species of Candida, such as Candida glabrata (reviewed by Kothavade et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2012).The azole fluconazole is effective against most Candida species and is used currently as a first-line drug, although different degrees of susceptibility among species have been described. For instance, C. glabrata is inherently less susceptible to fluconazole. In addition, the emergence of fluconazole resistance has been reported in species typically susceptible to this agent, such as C. albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis (Hajjeh et al., 2004;Yang et al., 2004;Lyon et al., 2010;Oxman et al., 2010; Arendrup et al., 2011), including that observed in Brazilian tertiarycare hospitals (Bruder-Nascimento et al., 2010;Favalessa et al., 2010;Pereira et al., 2010;Furlaneto et al., 2011).These factors present an urgent need to search for novel compounds with anticandidal activity. To this end, efforts have been made in the search for novel antifungal agents from various natural sources. In this regard, baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone; Fig. 1) is a flavonoid originally isolated from the roots of the Chine...

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Extracellular Polymer of Candida albicans: Isolation, Analysis and Role in Adhesion

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Biofilm formation by Candida albicans isolated from intrauterine devices

Biofilm formation by Candida albicans isolated from intrauterine devices

Adhesion and colonisation of Candida krusei on host surfaces

In vitro antifungal activity of the flavonoid baicalein against Candida species

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