Extracellular Matrix: Functions in the Nervous System

Barros, Claudia S.; Franco, Santos J.; Müller, Ulrich

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a005108

Cited by 348 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 320 publications

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“…In the present study, we chose laminin as a candidate ECM molecule because of its role in neurogenesis, cell migration, axon guidance, oligodendrocyte maturation, and axon myelination. 41,42 Laminin production in the cortical spheroids demonstrated the culture's advantage of inherent production of ECM, as well as the absence of introduced foreign materials.…”

Section: Versatile Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Neural Spheroid Culture: AnIn VitroModel for Cortical Studies

Dingle

Boutin

Chirila

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

119

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There is a high demand for in vitro models of the central nervous system (CNS) to study neurological disorders, injuries, toxicity, and drug efficacy. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models can bridge the gap between traditional two-dimensional culture and animal models because they present an in vivo-like microenvironment in a tailorable experimental platform. Within the expanding variety of sophisticated 3D cultures, scaffold-free, self-assembled spheroid culture avoids the introduction of foreign materials and preserves the native cell populations and extracellular matrix types. In this study, we generated 3D spheroids with primary postnatal rat cortical cells using an accessible, size-controlled, reproducible, and cost-effective method. Neurons and glia formed laminin-containing 3D networks within the spheroids. The neurons were electrically active and formed circuitry through both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The mechanical properties of the spheroids were in the range of brain tissue. These in vivo-like features of 3D cortical spheroids provide the potential for relevant and translatable investigations of the CNS in vitro.

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Section: Versatile Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Neural Spheroid Culture: AnIn VitroModel for Cortical Studies

Dingle

Boutin

Chirila

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

119

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“…Neurons themselves can provide critical topography. An example is during formation of laminar brain structures, where new daughter cells use the scaffold provided by radial glial cells to migrate outward and form successive cortical layers (Rakic, 1972;Edmondson and Hatten, 1987;Kriegstein, 2005;Barros et al, 2011).…”

Section: Topographical Cues Drive Alignment and Directionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials for Enhancing Neuronal Repair

Cangellaris

Gillette

2018

Front. Mater.

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As they differentiate from neuroblasts, nascent neurons become highly polarized and elongate. Neurons extend and elaborate fine and fragile cellular extensions that form circuits enabling long-distance communication and signal integration within the body. While other organ systems are developing, projections of differentiating neurons find paths to distant targets. Subsequent post-developmental neuronal damage is catastrophic because the cues for reinnervation are no longer active. Advances in biomaterials are enabling fabrication of micro-environments that encourage neuronal regrowth and restoration of function by recreating these developmental cues. This mini-review considers new materials that employ topographical, chemical, electrical, and/or mechanical cues for use in neuronal repair. Manipulating and integrating these elements in different combinations will generate new technologies to enhance neural repair.

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“…Multiple components of the ECM, for example, tenascin-C, laminin, and integrins, have been shown to facilitate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and migration, as well as their differentiation into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. 32 The second explanation for the white matter protection afforded by brain ECM might be an indirect effect from microglia. Microglia are among the most potent regulators of brain repair and regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantation of Brain-derived Extracellular Matrix Enhances Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury

2016

Cell Transplant

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Scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are being investigated for their ability to facilitate brain tissue remodeling and repair following injury. The present study tested the hypothesis that the implantation of brain-derived ECM would attenuate experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explored potential underlying mechanisms. TBI was induced in mice by a controlled cortical impact (CCI). ECM was isolated from normal porcine brain tissue by decellularization methods, prepared as a hydrogel, and injected into the ipsilesional corpus callosum and striatum 1 h after CCI. Lesion volume and neurological function were evaluated up to 35 d after TBI. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess post-TBI white matter integrity, reactive astrogliosis, and microglial activation. We found that ECM treatment reduced lesion volume and improved neurobehavioral function. ECM-treated mice showed less post-TBI neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and less white matter injury than control, vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, ECM ameliorated TBI-induced gliosis and microglial pro-inflammatory responses, thereby providing a favorable microenvironment for tissue repair. Our study indicates that brain ECM hydrogel implantation improved the brain microenvironment that facilitates post-TBI tissue recovery. Brain ECM offers excellent biocompatibility and holds potential as a therapeutic agent for TBI, alone or in combination with other treatments.

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Extracellular Matrix: Functions in the Nervous System

Cited by 348 publications

References 320 publications

Three-Dimensional Neural Spheroid Culture: AnIn VitroModel for Cortical Studies

Three-Dimensional Neural Spheroid Culture: AnIn VitroModel for Cortical Studies

Biomaterials for Enhancing Neuronal Repair

Implantation of Brain-derived Extracellular Matrix Enhances Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury

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