Extracellular matrix derived from hair and skin fibroblasts stimulates human skin melanocyte tyrosinase activity

Buffey, J.; Messenger, A.G.; Taylor, Michael J.; Ashcroft, A.T.T.; Westgate, Gillian; Neil, S. Mac

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08586.x

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As the melanocytes differentiated, they showed increased cell dendricity (47). In areas where differentiation was apparent, PC1, PC2, and 7B2 expression appeared to correlate with this differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH/ melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis

et al. 2007

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Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) can be processed to ACTH and melanocortin peptides. However, processing is incomplete in some tissues, leading to POMC precursor release from cells. This study examined POMC processing in human skin and the effect of POMC on the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) and melanocyte regulation. POMC was secreted by both human epidermal keratinocytes (from 5 healthy donors) and matched epidermal melanocytes in culture. Much lower levels of α-MSH were secreted and only by the keratinocytes. Neither cell type released ACTH. Cell extracts contained significantly more ACTH than POMC, and α-MSH was detected only in keratinocytes. Nevertheless, the POMC processing components, prohormone convertases 1, 2 and regulatory protein 7B2, were detected in melanocytes and keratinocytes. In contrast, hair follicle melanocytes secreted both POMC and α-MSH, and this was enhanced in response to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) acting primarily through the CRH receptor 1. In cells stably transfected with the MC-1R, POMC stimulated cAMP, albeit with a lower potency than ACTH, α-MSH, and β-MSH. POMC also increased melanogenesis and dendricity in human pigment cells. This release of POMC from skin cells and its functional activity at the MC-1R highlight the importance of POMC processing as a key regulatory event in the skin.-Rousseau, K., Kauser, S., Pritchard, L. E., Warhurst, A., Oliver, R. L., Slominski, A., Wei, E. T., Thody, A. J., Tobin, D. J., White, A. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH/melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH/ melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis

et al. 2007

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“…findings]. Even though epidermal melanocytes can be cultured without fibroblasts, it has been shown that cutaneous fibroblasts influence migration and differentiation as well as the amount of pigment contained in melanocytes [Buffey et al, 1994;Ideta et al, 2002]. The role of fibroblasts in VIEM survival, proliferation and migration shall be further elucidated in future experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Isolation and Cell Culture of Vestibular Inner Ear Melanocytes

Hanke¹,

Kief

Leuwer³

et al. 2005

Audiol Neurotol

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Introduction: Melanocytes of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear have been described morphologically in various contexts. Nature and functions of these cells are as yet not completely clear, even though several hypotheses exist regarding the same. The limited knowledge is due in part to a lack of methods regarding in vitro cell culture. The aim of this study was to describe conditions for the successful cell culture of vestibular inner ear melanocytes (VIEM), to compare their growth properties with those of epidermal melanocytes, and to characterize them immunohistochemically. Materials and Methods: Membranous labyrinth cells from freshly slaughtered sheep were isolated, and melanocytes and fibroblasts subsequently cultured. In addition, melanocytes from the skin of the same sheep were cultured. Antibodies specific to tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1/Mel-5), and melanoma-specific antigen A (Melan A) were used to analyze the cultured cells. Results: The proliferation of VIEM was retarded in comparison to epidermal melanocytes. After 14 days, VIEM began to proliferate for the first time, whereas epidermal melanocytes proliferated already after 7 days. In contrast to epidermal melanocytes, the culturing process of VIEM seemed to be dependent on the presence of fibroblasts, and VIEM often accumulated in the vicinity of fibroblasts forming three-dimensional clusters. Moreover, VIEM showed a higher ratio of highly pigmented cells with a round cell shape and small dendrites in comparison to epidermal melanocytes. Immunohistochemical techniques proved the VIEM to be positive for Melan A, TRP-1 and, in the majority of cases, also for tyrosinase. Conclusion: We successfully cultured melanocytes of the inner ear vestibular labyrinth for the first time and demonstrated melanocytic characteristics of these cells. This accomplishment will provide the opportunity to investigate VIEM in more detail in future experiments.

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“…In addition, it was shown that tenascin markedly inhibits adhesion of melanocytes to fibronectin. Interestingly, as it has been reported that the composition of the ECN can influence melanogenesis, 33 it appears that other aspects of melanocytes in addition to adhesion may be affected by the observed increase in tenascin content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tenascin is overexpressed in vitiligo lesional skin and inhibits melanocyte adhesion

Poole

Wijngaard

Westerhof³

et al. 1997

British Journal of Dermatology

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SummaryThe aetiology of vitiligo remains obscure. In this study, the role of integrins in the observed inability of melanocytes to repopulate lesional skin was investigated. Antibodies directed to a 2 , a 3 , a 5 , a v , a 6 , b 1 and b 3 integrin subunits were used. Immunohistology revealed no marked differences in the overall levels of expression of integrins between control, non-lesional, perilesional or lesional skin. Moreover, no differences were noted in the level of expression of integrins or the adhesive capacity between cultured control cells derived from three separate donors and vitiligo-derived melanocytes from two donors. Rather, it was clearly observed that towards the lesion, vitiligo skin contains increasing amounts of tenascin in the basal membrane and papillary dermis in five patients employing T2H5 antihuman tenascin antibody. The anti-adhesive effect observed in vitro for this extracellular matrix molecule using normal melanocytes may contribute to loss of pigment cells in vitiligo or to ineffective repopulation of the lesions.In vitiligo, melanocytes are gradually lost in depigmenting lesions of the skin. 1 It has been suggested that defective adhesion is involved in loss of melanocytes in this pigmentary disorder. 2 Moreover, the persistence of depigmented lesions is suggestive of defective melanocyte migration which may be reversed by photochemotherapy, 2 and therefore baseline expression of adhesion molecules may differ in vitiligo as compared with control skin. Melanocyte adhesion, spreading and migration is mediated by integrins. 3 Employing antibodies to integrin subunits, the specific integrins involved in each process have been identified in vitro. 3,4 Importantly, all integrins thus far identified on melanocytes can also be found on neighbouring keratinocytes. Although immunohistology has been employed to identify integrins expressed on melanocytes in situ per se, 3 this may not be the method of choice to determine differences in the level of expression by melanocytes. Even by double immunostaining procedures, it is difficult to distinguish between integrin expression by melanocytes vs. neighbouring keratinocytes. Therefore, in vitro cultures derived from control as well as from vitiligo non-lesional skin were employed to investigate further potential differences in adhesive behaviour in vitiligo and control skin. In addition, the use of cultured cells provides the opportunity to perform functional adhesion assays. In this respect it is of great interest to note that cultured melanocytes from nonlesional vitiligo skin appear to retain disease-related characteristics. It has been demonstrated that vitiligo melanocytes have altered growth characteristics under limiting conditions. 5 Moreover, upon electron microscopic observation, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is apparent in diseased cells from human and mouse vitiligo subjects. 6,7 Therefore, the use of cultured cells to investigate differences in adhesive characteristics is justified.The level of expression of relevant i...

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Extracellular matrix derived from hair and skin fibroblasts stimulates human skin melanocyte tyrosinase activity

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH/ melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH/ melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis

In vitro Isolation and Cell Culture of Vestibular Inner Ear Melanocytes

Tenascin is overexpressed in vitiligo lesional skin and inhibits melanocyte adhesion

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