Extracellular Enzymic Activity of Poultry Spoilage Bacteria

Abstract

The extracellular enzymic activity has been studied of 224 strains of bacteria isolated mainly at 1° from spoiling chickens and turkeys and from poultry processing plants. The isolates comprised 44 strains of pigmented Pseudomonas, 57 strains of nonpigmented Pseudomonas, 29 strains of Ps. putrefaciens, 50 strains of oxidase positive Acinetobacter and 44 strains of oxidase negative Acinetobacter. None of the strains showed any significant activity against dextrin, starch, glycogen, inulin, dextran, xylan or pectin. Proteolytic activity was found mainly amongst 2 groups of pigmented pseudo‐monads, and Ps. putrefaciens. Nuclease activity was found particularly amongst strains of Ps. putrefaciens and the oxidase negative Acinetobacter strains isolated from spoiling poultry. Almost all of the strains showed lipolytic activity when tested with tributyrin and a proportion of strains could also attack chicken fat. This latter property was particularly evident amongst the nonpigmented Pseudomonas strains.

Taxonomy and Description of Vibrio fluvialis sp. nov. (Synonym Group F Vibrios, Group EF6)

“…Strains were also tested for: the mode of metabolism of glucose by the method of Hugh & Leifson (1953); growth after 24 h on TCBS Agar (Oxoid); hydrolysis of bovine albumin, casein and chondroitin sulphate by the methods of Barnes & Melton (1971) but with HIA in place of blood agar base; elastase (Scharman 1972); agglutination of chicken erythrocytes (Finkelstein & Mukerjee 1963); haemolysis after overnight incubation of 1% (v/v) suspension of human group 0 erythrocytes incorporated in the brain heart thioglycollate cystine agar of Sakazaki et af. (1971); production of 2,3-butanediol (Collins & Lyne 1976); and pigment production on HIA after 5 d incubation.…”

An Unusual Species of Clostridium Isolated from the Intestine of the Pheasant

“…The breakdown of egg albumin after incubation for 14 days was tested by the method described by Smith (1965) using modified VL medium (Barnes & Impey, 1968) both with and without glucose.…”

“…For the breakdown of bovine albumin, streak cultures were made on layered plates of VL agar containing 0.2% of bovine plasma albumin, fraction V (Armour Laboratories, Eastbourne) in the upper layer (Barnes & Melton, 1971). Plates were examined for zones of clearing after 14 days.…”

Diversity and functional analysis of proteorhodopsin in marine Flavobacteria

“…On the other hand, in addition to PR, two groups of rhodopsin family have been found to function as light‐driven proton pump. These rhodopsins are called Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and Xanthorhodopsin (XR) and both of them were discovered in extreme halophile (Barnes and Melton, 1971; Balashov et al ., 2005). It is established that BR and XR work as light‐driven proton pump using rhodopsin‐containing native cells (Oesterhelt and Stoeckenius, 1973; Balashov et al ., 2005).…”