Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Major Ubiquitous Element of the Bacterial Biofilm Architecture

Campoccia, Davide; Montanaro, Lucio; Arciola, Carla Renata

doi:10.3390/ijms22169100

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…Besides the proteinaceous components, extracellular DNA (eDNA) works in biofilm as an electrostatic net, thus stabilizing and strengthening the matrix [ 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 ]. Studies on the mechanism of eDNA production and release have revealed that bacteria produce eDNA either through altruistic suicide or fratricide killing and that bacterial autolysis is mediated by murein hydrolase [ 117 ].…”

Section: Staphylococcal Biofilm Development On the Surface Of Biomate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants

Pietrocola

Campoccia

Motta

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The use of indwelling medical devices has constantly increased in recent years and has revolutionized the quality of life of patients affected by different diseases. However, despite the improvement of hygiene conditions in hospitals, implant-associated infections remain a common and serious complication in prosthetic surgery, mainly in the orthopedic field, where infection often leads to implant failure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of biomaterial-centered infection. Upon binding to the medical devices, these bacteria proliferate and develop dense communities encased in a protective matrix called biofilm. Biofilm formation has been proposed as occurring in several stages—(1) attachment; (2) proliferation; (3) dispersal—and involves a variety of host and staphylococcal proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous factors. Moreover, biofilm formation is strictly regulated by several control systems. Biofilms enable staphylococci to avoid antimicrobial activity and host immune response and are a source of persistent bacteremia as well as of localized tissue destruction. While considerable information is available on staphylococcal biofilm formation on medical implants and important results have been achieved on the treatment of biofilms, preclinical and clinical applications need to be further investigated. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the mechanism of infection of indwelling medical devices by S. aureus with a special focus on the biochemical factors involved in biofilm formation and regulation. We also provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies to combat biomaterial-associated infections and highlight the need to further explore biofilm physiology and conduct research for innovative anti-biofilm approaches.

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Section: Staphylococcal Biofilm Development On the Surface Of Biomate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants

Pietrocola

Campoccia

Motta

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…S. epidermidis secreted peptidoglycan hydrolases (i.e., autolysin AltE and autolysin/adhesin Aae), which play a role in the cellular processes involved in bacterial proliferation (e.g., cell separation), also promote primary attachment to medical devices [ 101 , 102 ]. Furthermore, alternative morphotypes, assembled from extracellular DNA (eDNA, released from dying cells) and (lipo)proteins have been described [ 103 , 104 ].…”

Section: S Epidermidis : Friend and Foementioning

confidence: 99%

Look Who’s Talking: Host and Pathogen Drivers of Staphylococcus epidermidis Virulence in Neonatal Sepsis

Joubert

Otto

Strunk

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Preterm infants are at increased risk for invasive neonatal bacterial infections. S. epidermidis, a ubiquitous skin commensal, is a major cause of late-onset neonatal sepsis, particularly in high-resource settings. The vulnerability of preterm infants to serious bacterial infections is commonly attributed to their distinct and developing immune system. While developmentally immature immune defences play a large role in facilitating bacterial invasion, this fails to explain why only a subset of infants develop infections with low-virulence organisms when exposed to similar risk factors in the neonatal ICU. Experimental research has explored potential virulence mechanisms contributing to the pathogenic shift of commensal S. epidermidis strains. Furthermore, comparative genomics studies have yielded insights into the emergence and spread of nosocomial S. epidermidis strains, and their genetic and functional characteristics implicated in invasive disease in neonates. These studies have highlighted the multifactorial nature of S. epidermidis traits relating to pathogenicity and commensalism. In this review, we discuss the known host and pathogen drivers of S. epidermidis virulence in neonatal sepsis and provide future perspectives to close the gap in our understanding of S. epidermidis as a cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

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“…Chronic wound beds with mature bacterial biofilms may contain proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, wound cell components, and DNA in an exopolymeric matrix (EPM). 54 Specific DNA components of the EPM, including extracellular and neutrophil trapped bacterial DNA, can be distinguished from the components above with a biofilm membrane wound blot using commercially available nylon and cationic nitrocellulose membranes. These membranes were originally developed and used by molecular biology laboratory studies to do Southern blots to detect specific DNA fragments (or Northern blots to detect RNA and Western blots to detect protein).…”

Section: Wound Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling the skin surface chemistry for diagnosis and prognosis

Stanley

Wang

Daly

et al. 2022

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Skin and wound blotting are non‐invasive techniques used to sample the skin and wound surface chemistry, whereby a nitrocellulose membrane is applied to an intact or broken cutaneous surface to detect biomarkers. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the evidence for the techniques used and data obtained to date. The primary aim of this study was to review the utilities of surface blotting for the diagnosis and prognosis of physiological, pre‐disease, and pathological states. The secondary aim was to summarise the procedural steps. A systematic literature search was conducted on 9 July 2021 using Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. Investigators used McMaster's Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies to assess quality, then performed a narrative synthesis reporting according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty‐five studies were reviewed. Eighteen studies were of good quality, and seven were of moderate quality. These studies conducted skin and wound blotting on 176 animals and 1546 humans. Studies reported physiological and pathological states for diagnosis and prediction of conditions, including skin tears, wound healing, biofilm detection, and skin barrier function. The four steps for blotting are surface preparation, blot preparation, application and removal of blot, and analysis. This review demonstrates that blotting can determine the skin and wound surface chemistry using a versatile and reproducible technique. However, future research is needed to validate the technique and skin biomarkers identified.

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Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Major Ubiquitous Element of the Bacterial Biofilm Architecture

Cited by 70 publications

References 151 publications

Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants

Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants

Look Who’s Talking: Host and Pathogen Drivers of Staphylococcus epidermidis Virulence in Neonatal Sepsis

Sampling the skin surface chemistry for diagnosis and prognosis

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