Extracellular Chitin Nanofibers from Marine Diatoms

Chiriboga, Omar; LeDuff, Paul; Rorrer, Gregory L.

doi:10.1002/9781119143802.ch43

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Especially some diatom species from the Cyclotella and Thallassiosira genera synthesize chitin as nanofibers and extrude through pores on the frustule. The extruded chitin nanofiber is in the form of β-chitin, which is easier to dissolve and modify compared to α-chitin [198]. Moreover, extruded chitin can be readily isolated from the culture medium.…”

Section: Induction Of Plant Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides

Asimakis

Shehata²,

Eisenreich

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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An increasing human population necessitates more food production, yet current techniques in agriculture, such as chemical pesticide use, have negative impacts on the ecosystems and strong public opposition. Alternatives to synthetic pesticides should be safe for humans, the environment, and be sustainable. Extremely diverse ecological niches and millions of years of competition have shaped the genomes of algae to produce a myriad of substances that may serve humans in various biotechnological areas. Among the thousands of described algal species, only a small number have been investigated for valuable metabolites, yet these revealed the potential of algal metabolites as bio-pesticides. This review focuses on macroalgae and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and their extracts or purified compounds, that have proven to be effective antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, nematocides, insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth stimulants. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the majority of these metabolites against plant pests are thoroughly discussed. The available information demonstrated herbicidal activities via inhibition of photosynthesis, antimicrobial activities via induction of plant defense responses, inhibition of quorum sensing and blocking virus entry, and insecticidal activities via neurotoxicity. The discovery of antimetabolites also seems to hold great potential as one recent example showed antimicrobial and herbicidal properties. Algae, especially microalgae, represent a vast untapped resource for discovering novel and safe biopesticide compounds.

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Section: Induction Of Plant Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides

Asimakis

Shehata²,

Eisenreich

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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“…The crystalline lattice structure of the α-chitin was found to be the orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 with unit cell dimensions a = 4.74 Å, b = 18.86 Å and c (fibre axis) = 10.32 Å [ 31 ], figure 2 c . β-Chitin is mostly obtained from marine diatoms [ 32 ], molluscs [ 33 ] and the peritrophic matrix in insects [ 34 ] and the polymer chains are arranged in a parallel order, figure 2 b ; the hydrogen bonds (one per unit cell) between the two chains crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21. The one chain monoclinic unit cell has dimensions a = 4.85 , b = 9.26 Å and c (fibre axis) = 10.38 Å and γ = 97.5°[ 35 ], figure 2 c .…”

Section: Chitin Chemistry and Crystal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structural diversity of chitins as a versatile biomaterial

Hou

Aydemir

Dumanlı

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, and it has adopted many different structural conformations using a combination of different natural processes like biopolymerization, crystallization and non-equilibrium self-assembly. This leads to a number of striking physical effects like complex light scattering and polarization as well as unique mechanical properties. In doing so, chitin uses a fine balance between the highly ordered chain conformations in the nanofibrils and random disordered structures. In this opinion piece, we discuss the structural hierarchy of chitin, its crystalline states and the natural biosynthesis processes to create such specific structures and diversity. Among the examples we explored, the unified question arises from the generation of completely different bioarchitectures like the Christmas tree-like nanostructures, gyroids or helicoidal geometries using similar dynamic non-equilibrium growth processes. Understanding the in vivo development of such structures from gene expressions, enzymatic activities as well as the chemical matrix employed in different stages of the biosynthesis will allow us to shift the material design paradigms. Certainly, the complexity of the biology requires a collaborative and multi-disciplinary research effort. For the future's advanced technologies, using chitin will ultimately drive many innovations and alternatives using biomimicry in materials science. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.

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“…Chitin is a natural polymer found in other animals as arthropods, crustacean and fungi and its deacetylation resulting in chitosan, that it is a cationic polymer with biocompatible and biodegradability properties (Younes et al, 2014;Philibert et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2020). Chitin and its derivatives are widely use in wound healing, blood anticoagulants, drug delivery, stem cell technology or on fabrication of nanofibers in biomedicine (Singh and Ray, 2000;Azuma et al, 2014;Chiriboga et al, 2020;Singh and Shrivastava, 2020). Furthermore, spongederived chitin scaffolds had been produced maintaining the tubelike chitin skeletal framework in Aplysina archer and Ianthella flabelliformis demosponges envisaging applications in biomedical field such as drug delivery biomaterials (Klinger et al, 2019;Kovalchuk et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding

et al. 2021

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Sponges occur ubiquitously in the marine realm and in some deep-sea areas they dominate the benthic communities forming complex biogenic habitats – sponge grounds, aggregations, gardens and reefs. However, deep-sea sponges and sponge-grounds are still poorly investigated with regards to biotechnological potential in support of a Blue growth strategy. Under the scope of this study, five dominant North Atlantic deep-sea sponges, were characterized to elucidate promising applications in human health, namely for bone tissue engineering approaches. Geodia barretti (Gb), Geodia atlantica (Ga), Stelletta normani (Sn), Phakellia ventilabrum (Pv), and Axinella infundibuliformis (Ai), were morphologically characterized to assess macro and microstructural features, as well as chemical composition of the skeletons, using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and microcomputed tomography analyses. Moreover, compress tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the skeletons. Results showed that all studied sponges have porous skeletons with porosity higher than 68%, pore size superior than 149 μm and higher interconnectivity (>96%), thus providing interesting models for the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Besides that, EDS analyses revealed that the chemical composition of sponges, pointed that demosponge skeletons are mainly constituted by carbon, silicon, sulfur, and oxygen combined mutually with organic and inorganic elements embedded its internal architecture that can be important features for promoting bone matrix quality and bone mineralization. Finally, the morphological, mechanical, and chemical characteristics here investigated unraveled the potential of deep-sea sponges as a source of biomaterials and biomimetic models envisaging tissue engineering applications for bone regeneration.

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Extracellular Chitin Nanofibers from Marine Diatoms

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides

Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides

Understanding the structural diversity of chitins as a versatile biomaterial

Macro and Microstructural Characteristics of North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges as Bioinspired Models for Tissue Engineering Scaffolding

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