Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

Abstract

The cause of preeclampsia remains unknown and calcium and magnesium supplement are being suggested as means of prevention. The objective of this study was to assess magnesium and calcium in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Nigerian women with preeclampsia and eclampsia.Setting was University of Benin Teaching Hospital, in Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study comprising of eleven patients and twenty-three controls. The mean, standard deviation and Standard Error of Mean (SEM) were calculated. Student 't' test method was applied.Plasma calcium was significantly lower in patients than controls (9.2 ± 1.02 Vs 9.98 ± 0.87mg/dl, P 0.043) "t" test. The CSF calcium and magnesium levels were lower in patients than controls, (5.66 ± 1.22 vs 6.67 ± 1.15mg/ dl, P 0.043 and 1.75 ± 0.56 vs 1.91 ± 0.19mg/dl, P 0. < 0.0001) respectively.There is extracellular calcium and magnesium reduction in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. This reduction may have a cause and effect relationship with these disorders. RÉSUMÉLe calcium extracellulaire et le magnésium au cours de la rééclampsie et l'éclampsie On ne connaìt pas toujours la cause de l'éclampsie et le calcium et le supplément de magnésium ont été suggérés comme moyens de prévention. Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer le magnésium et le calcium dans le plasma et dans le liquide céphalo -rachidien chez les femmes nigérianes qui souffrent de la prééclampsie et de l'éclampsie. Le cadre était le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (UBTH) à Benin, au Nigéria. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale qui comprenait onze patientes et vingt-trois témoins. L'écart type de la moyenne et l'Erreur Type de la Moyenne (ETM) ont été calculés. La méthode de test de 't' de l'étudiant a été appliqué. La calcium du plasma était moins élevé chez les patientes que chez les témoins (9,2±, 02 Vs 9,98 ± 0, 87mg/dl) le test de "t". Les niveaux du calcium et du magnésium du liquide céphalo-rachidien (LLR) étaient moins élevés chez les patientes que chez les témoins (5,66 ± 1, 22 Vs 6,67 ± 1, 15mg/dl, P 0,043 et 1, 75 ± 0, 56 Vs 1,91 ± 0, 19mg/dl, P 0, < 0, 0001) respectivement. Il y a une réduction du calcium extracellulaire chez les patientes souffrant de la prééclampsie et de l'éclampsie. Cette réduction pourrait avoir un rapport de cause et d'effect avec ces troubles. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2007; 11[2]:80-85).

The study of serum calcium and serum magnesium in pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancy

“…Kanchanpan Sukonpan et al, 15 Chanvitya Punthumapol MD et al, 16 Idogun ES et al, 17 Jain S et al 18 The present study result was contradictory to some studies that the mean serum calcium levels in preeclampsia were not different from normal pregnancy like A Amirabi et al, 19 Villanueva S et al, 20 Magri et al…”

“…The present study results are comparable to study reports of K. Srivastava et al, 24 Kisters et al 1990, 25 Pralhad et al, 26 Jain S et al 18 The present study did not support the study results of Idogun ES et al, 27 A. Amirabi et al, 19 Chanvitya Punthumapol et al 16 Cynthia A. Standly et al 1994 reported hypomagnesemia is a constant feature in pregnancy. An increase in renal clearance during pregnancy, poor dietary intake, consumption of minerals by growing fetal skeletal system, hemodilution, all contribute to hypomagnesemia.…”

Mathematical modeling the neuroregulation of blood pressure using a cognitive top-down approach

“…factors influencing the gastrointestinal absorption[158] and/or retention of minerals[155159160], and perhaps also vitamins and/or hormones, and fatty acids. In particular, Magnesium deficits have been linked to a wide range of conditions including mitral valve prolapse[161162], coronary heart disease[163], hypertension[164], cardiac arrythmias,[165], congestive heart failure[166], diabetes mellitus[167168], migraines and epilepsy[169], fibromyalgia[170], asthma[171], attention deficit disorder[172173], pre-eclampsia[174], etc.…”

Pre-eclampsia, solid-fuel cooking, and magnesium

“…In another study, intracellular free Mg concentrations in brain and muscle from subjects with PE were significantly lower than in non-pregnant subjects and pregnant subjects without PE (Resnick et al, 2004). A third study found that the Mg concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was lower in subjects with PE (Idogun et al, 2007).…”