1988
DOI: 10.1163/156853988x00160
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Extra-Pair Copulations in Black-Capped Chickadees: the Role of the Female

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Cited by 205 publications
(125 citation statements)
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“…An important turning point was when Smith [96] reported that female black-capped chickadees, Parus atricapillus, seemed to actively seek extra-pair copulations, and from males of higher social rank than the female's partner. These behavioural observations, accumulated opportunistically over several years of fieldwork on individually colourringed birds, provided the first evidence that, contrary to the view then prevalent, females might benefit from engaging in extra-pair copulations.…”
Section: Conflict Resolution Coercion and Acquiescencementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…An important turning point was when Smith [96] reported that female black-capped chickadees, Parus atricapillus, seemed to actively seek extra-pair copulations, and from males of higher social rank than the female's partner. These behavioural observations, accumulated opportunistically over several years of fieldwork on individually colourringed birds, provided the first evidence that, contrary to the view then prevalent, females might benefit from engaging in extra-pair copulations.…”
Section: Conflict Resolution Coercion and Acquiescencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…While it seems to be the case that most extra-pair copulations in birds are not initiated by females, in some instances, as in Smith's [96] chickadees, they clearly are, and it is these species (or instances) where attention would be best focused to ascertain the possible benefits. So far, most studies directed towards identifying potential indirect female benefits have been conducted on species that are convenient for other reasons rather than because behavioural observations provide a sensible justification.…”
Section: Conflict Resolution Coercion and Acquiescencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Smith, 1988;Norris, 1990;Kempenaers et al, 1992;Graves et al, 1993;Hasselquist et al, 1995). Thus, unattractive males are likely to have a low confidence of paternity compared with attractive males, and this is unlikely to vary between breeding attempts.…”
Section: Paternity and Paternal Carementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whereas most earlier studies assumed that EPCs were forced by males, in many species females solicit or permit EPCs (Smith 1988;Wagner 1991aWagner , 1994Kempenaers et al 1992; Lifjeld and Robertson 1992;Graves et al 1993; Stutchbury et al 1994). When females pursue EPCs, the potential exists for high rates of extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs) to occur.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%