Extra‐High Mechanical and Phononic Anisotropy in Black Phosphorus Blisters

Abstract

Strain is an effective strategy to modulate the electrical, optical, and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials. Conventional circular blisters could generate a biaxial stretching of 2D membranes with notable strain gradients along the hoop direction. However, such a deformation mode cannot be utilized to investigate mechanical responses of in‐plane anisotropic 2D materials, for example, black phosphorus (BP), due to its crystallographic orientation dependence. Here, a novel rectangular‐shaped bulge device is developed to uniaxially stretch the membrane, and further provide a promising platform to detect orientation‐dependent mechanical and optical properties of anisotropic 2D materials. Impressively, the derived anisotropic ratio of Young's modulus of BP flakes is much higher than the values obtained via the nanoindentation method. The extra‐high strain‐dependent phononic anisotropy in Raman modes along different crystalline orientations is also observed. The designed rectangular budge device expands the uniaxial deformation methods available, allowing to explore the mechanical, and strain‐dependent physical properties of other anisotropic 2D materials more broadly.

Anisotropic mechanical properties of α-MoO3 nanosheets

“…Furthermore, the derived anisotropy ratio ( E c -axis / E a -axis ) of Young's modulus for MoO 3 nanosheets within a thickness range of 30–50 nm could reach ∼1.64. Comparatively, in-plane anisotropy ratios of various anisotropic 2D materials, including black phosphorene (3.81), 40 As 2 S 3 (3.15), 41,42 TiS 3 (1.6), 43 SiP (1.3), 44 SiAs (1.33), 44 SiC (1.17), 45 GeP (1.25) 44 and GeAs (1.2) 44 are summarized in Fig. S7 †.…”

Phosphorus-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…When the spacing between nanosheet layers decreases to a critical state, the motion of the polymer within the interlayer becomes restricted to the maximum, and the interaction between the interlayer polymer and the nanosheet reaches its peak at this point . The exceptional mechanical properties of phosphorus-based nanocomposites form the foundation for their utilization in various fields . The introduction of phosphorus into various polymer matrices enables the development of phosphorus-based polymers with improved mechanical properties, while still preserving their practicality. , The findings indicate that hydrogels without phosphorus exhibit a spongy microporous structure with an average pore size of 50 μm, whereas the inclusion of phosphorus leads to an increase in the thickness of the hydrogels. , …”

“…86 The exceptional mechanical properties of phosphorus-based nanocomposites form the foundation for their utilization in various fields. 87 The introduction of phosphorus into various polymer matrices enables the development of phosphorus-based polymers with improved mechanical properties, while still preserving their practicality. 88,89 The findings indicate that hydrogels without phosphorus exhibit a spongy microporous structure with an average pore size of 50 μm, whereas the inclusion of phosphorus leads to an increase in the thickness of the hydrogels.…”

<i>In-situ</i> strain engineering and applications of van der Waals materials

“…Vol. 73 I n P r e s s 加的面内应变 [48,49] . 其中, 对于衬底形变的应变施 模型 [50] , 应变大小均可以表示为ε = t/2R, 其中ε 为衬底表面产生的应变, t为衬底的厚度, R为衬 底的曲率半径.…”