Extra Dimensions and Violations of Lorentz Symmetry

Abstract

We use experimental limits on Lorentz violation to obtain new constraints on Kaluza-Klein-type theories in which the extra dimensions may be large but do not necessarily have units of length. The associated variation in fundamental quantities such as rest mass must occur slowly, on cosmological scales.

Constraints on Space-Time-Matter Theory in the Framework of the Standard-Model Extension

“…Such a result might be consistent with a slow variation in particle rest mass on cosmological timescales. Indeed, in this picture mass could originate from a displacement along x 5 , in what might be seen as a geometrical analog of the Higgs mechanism [56]. Related ideas have been explored by Bekenstein [72], Liu and Wesson [73], and Wetterich [74].…”

“…The weakness of this constraint is due to the large value of the dimension-transposing constant c 3 /G (= 4 × 10 35 kg/s in SI units), relative to the mass currents typically encountered in experimental physics. That is, the mass-like fifth dimension has observational consequences only at "speeds"ṁ close to c 3 /G-just as Minkowski's fourth dimension becomes detectable only at speedsẋ close to c [56].…”

Optimal estimation of parameters for scalar field in an expanding spacetime exhibiting Lorentz invariance violation

“…However, several approaches to quantum gravity suggest that a microscopic structure of spacetime may lead to the Lorentz symmetry violation. In the last decades, this symmetry violation has been investigated in the context of noncommutative geometry [5][6][7], the extra dimensions [8,9], and the discretization process. Besides, there has a lot of physical phenomena showing that the Lorenz symmetry may be broken [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”