Extra-Capsular Spread of Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral, Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Comparative Subsite Analysis
Yung Jee Kang,
Goeun Park,
Sung Yool Park
et al.
Abstract:Background: The extra-capsular spread (ECS) of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a hallmark of aggressive primary tumor phenotype in head and neck cancer (HNC); however, the factors influencing ECS are poorly understood. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study, including 190 cases of oral tongue cancer (OTC), 148 cases of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) (118 HPV-positive and 30 HPV-negative), and 100 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). Tumor dimension, tumor biological variables (lymphovascular/perineur… Show more
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