Extra-articular synovial chondromatosis of the ankle: Unusual case with radiologic-pathologic correlation

Extraarticular extrasynovial solitary osteochondromatosis of the ankle: A rare case report and review of literature

“…SC progresses in three phases according to Milgram, early phase which involves active synovitis without loose body formation, transitional phase wherein nodular synovitis is accompanied by presence of loose bodies and third phase with only presence of loose bodies [ 3 ]. Most authors have mentioned that the aetiology is unknown [ 3 ] and have discussed about spontaneous synovial chondrocyte metablastic transformation but trauma has been implicated as a reason for this transformation [ 12 ].…”

“…Extraarticular (EA) SC is an uncommon and benign disease [ 1 , 2 ] with the prevalence of approximately 1 per 100,000 [ 3 ]. SC is considered to involve metaplastic change in the connective tissues within synovial membranes leading to chondroid tissue formation [ [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] ], subsequent calcification and ossification of these cartilage lumps which may detach to form loose bodies [ 7 ], if inside joints, results in damage to the articular cartilage. The aetiology remains unknown and has a male preponderance, [ 1 , 3 , 4 ] usually occurring between the third and fifth decade of life [ 1 , 3 , 7 , 8 ] and rarely poly-articular [ [2] , [3] , [4] ].…”

“…SC is considered to involve metaplastic change in the connective tissues within synovial membranes leading to chondroid tissue formation [ [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] ], subsequent calcification and ossification of these cartilage lumps which may detach to form loose bodies [ 7 ], if inside joints, results in damage to the articular cartilage. The aetiology remains unknown and has a male preponderance, [ 1 , 3 , 4 ] usually occurring between the third and fifth decade of life [ 1 , 3 , 7 , 8 ] and rarely poly-articular [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. SC can be primary, also known as Reichel’s disease or the more common secondary type due to degenerative changes from intraarticular (IA) pathology [ 3 ], trauma episodes, neuropathic arthritis and osteochondritis dissecans [ 9 ].…”

“…The aetiology remains unknown and has a male preponderance, [ 1 , 3 , 4 ] usually occurring between the third and fifth decade of life [ 1 , 3 , 7 , 8 ] and rarely poly-articular [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. SC can be primary, also known as Reichel’s disease or the more common secondary type due to degenerative changes from intraarticular (IA) pathology [ 3 ], trauma episodes, neuropathic arthritis and osteochondritis dissecans [ 9 ]. In general, EA SC possesses a diagnostic challenge having to rule out chondrosarcoma with a similar histopathological and radiological appearance in early stages [ 2 , 6 , 10 ].…”

“…In general, EA SC possesses a diagnostic challenge having to rule out chondrosarcoma with a similar histopathological and radiological appearance in early stages [ 2 , 6 , 10 ]. There are very few reports of EA SC around the ankle [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. We report such a case managed at our university hospital and review the relevant literature in accordance with SCARE guidelines 2018 [ 11 ].…”