Extinguishing Class A fires with multipurpose chemicals

Ewing, C. T.; Faith, Francis R.; Romans, J. B.; Siegmann, Charles W.; Ouellette, R. J.; Hughes, J. Thomas; Carhart, Homer W.

doi:10.1007/bf01039191

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The results for the other gaseous components of the filtered SPGG 1 effluent, namely CO 2 and N 2 , have been measured [6]. The concentration requirements for K 2 CO 3 (s), which has unknown suppression effectiveness, was estimated using the ratio of Ewing's [4] results for peak effectiveness of K 2 CO 3 (s) and NaHCO 3 (s), in conjunction with cup burner results for NaHCO 3 (s) [6]. This calculation yields a mass fraction of 0.042, denoted in Table 2 as "K 2 CO 3 (s)active".…”

Section: Comparison Of Agent Effectiveness: Suppression Of Non-premix...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Suppression And Re-ignition Prevention Ina Full-scale Engine Nacelle Simulator

Hamins¹,

Cleary²,

Yang³

2003

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Seventh International

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An analysis is presented on the full-scale fire suppression experiments conducted on the F-22 engine nacelle simulator at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. Experiments investigated the relative effectiveness of halogenated agents and solid propellant gas generators (SPGG) in suppressing a series of spray fires with and without a fuel re-ignition source. Several agents were tested including CF 3 Br (halon 1301), C 2 HF 5 (HFC-125), and two basic types of SPGG, including one that produced inert gases in conjunction with a fine solid particulate composed of K 2 CO 3 and one that produced inert gases only.The measured agent effectiveness was compared to the predicted effectiveness based on results from cup burner suppression experiments. Estimates of the suppression effectiveness of the SPGG were based on the effectiveness of the components of its effluent. The mass fraction of SPGG effluent required to extinguish heptane cup burner flames was estimated as 0.15 and 0.29 as compared to previously measured values of 0.14 and 0.28 for CF 3 Br and C 2 HF 5 , respectively. The predicted suppression requirements (relative to CF 3 Br) agreed with the full-scale measurements within 35% for the halogenated compounds, whereas the SPGG performed as much as a factor of 3.3 better than predicted. This difference suggests that a large fraction of the SPGG performance may have been related to its fast deployment, which enhances flame straining and thereby reduces agent mass suppression requirements. The SPGG effluent that contained a significant percentage of K 2 CO 3 particulate was particularly effective for re-ignition protection, a scenario that dominates agent mass requirements for the compressed halogenated liquids. In this case, the SPGG required 27 times less mass than CF 3 Br.

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Section: Comparison Of Agent Effectiveness: Suppression Of Non-premix...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle size can influence suppression effectiveness [4]. The majority of the SPGG particulate is very small and it is assumed that the particulate is smaller than the critical diameter [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Suppression And Re-ignition Prevention Ina Full-scale Engine Nacelle Simulator

Hamins¹,

Cleary²,

Yang³

2003

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Seventh International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Based on the conclusions of experiments, the size of powder particles was set to 0.1 mm [1][2][3]6]. But Ewening et al [9] showed that the overall effectiveness of each dry chemical depends on its particle size, the degree of its decomposition and/ or vaporization. All tested particles of chemical below a unique limiting size completely decompose and/or vaporize in the tested fire and have the same extinguishing effectiveness [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But Ewening et al [9] showed that the overall effectiveness of each dry chemical depends on its particle size, the degree of its decomposition and/ or vaporization. All tested particles of chemical below a unique limiting size completely decompose and/or vaporize in the tested fire and have the same extinguishing effectiveness [9,10]. All powder fire extinguishing devices operate on the same principle: the powder is extruded from a vessel by the pressure of the carrier (extrusion) gas, such as argon, carbon dioxide, helium and nitrogen [1,3,4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Studying Dry Chemicals as Hygienically Safe Extinguishing Substances

Marková

Tureková²

2018

BJSTR

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Dry chemicals are chemicals used in the food industry as preservatives and in agriculture as fertilizers. Due to their chemical composition, they can used as extinguishing agents. Dry chemicals are extinguishing powders, which currently belong to more principal extinguishing agents that are used for the rapid and initial firefighting. For the purposes of analysis, the samples were chosen Furex and Bavex Dry chemicals, introduced into the combustion zone, operate mostly insulatively until they are heat degradable. Their effect depends on the degree of dispersion and deposition rate. For the purposes of monitoring of the thermal lability and the subsequent disintegration of extinguishing powder was chosen the analytical method of TG, DTG -thermogravimetry, where is monitored the weight loss of samples depending on the continuous heating (10°C/min in the air atmosphere). TG curves were obtained as the function of dependence of weight loss from increasing temperature. The thermal profiles presented in form of TGA curves were comparable for studied samples. All TGA curves were divided into two stages. Despite these facts, we found the certain temperature stability up to order 170°C for all samples of extinguishing powders.

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“…Based on the conclusions of experiments, the size of powder particles was set to 0.1 mm [1][2][3]6]. But Ewening et al [9] showed that the overall effectiveness of each dry chemical depends on its particle size, the degree of its decomposition and/or vaporization. All tested particles of chemical below a unique limiting size completely decompose and/or vaporize in the tested fire and have the same extinguishing effectiveness [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Studying Dry Chemicals as Hygienically Safe Extinguishing Substances

Marková

2018

BJSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dry chemicals are chemicals used in the food industry as preservatives and in agriculture as fertilizers. Due to their chemical composition, they can used as extinguishing agents. Dry chemicals are extinguishing powders, which currently belong to more principal extinguishing agents that are used for the rapid and initial firefighting. For the purposes of analysis, the samples were chosen Furex and Bavex Dry chemicals, introduced into the combustion zone, operate mostly insulatively until they are heat degradable. Their effect depends on the degree of dispersion and deposition rate. For the purposes of monitoring of the thermal lability and the subsequent disintegration of extinguishing powder was chosen the analytical method of TG, DTG -thermogravimetry, where is monitored the weight loss of samples depending on the continuous heating (10 °C/min in the air atmosphere). TG curves were obtained as the function of dependence of weight loss from increasing temperature. The thermal profiles presented in form of TGA curves were comparable for studied samples. All TGA curves were divided into two stages. Despite these facts, we found the certain temperature stability up to order 170°C for all samples of extinguishing powders.

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Extinguishing Class A fires with multipurpose chemicals

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Fire Suppression And Re-ignition Prevention Ina Full-scale Engine Nacelle Simulator

Fire Suppression And Re-ignition Prevention Ina Full-scale Engine Nacelle Simulator

Thermal Studying Dry Chemicals as Hygienically Safe Extinguishing Substances

Thermal Studying Dry Chemicals as Hygienically Safe Extinguishing Substances

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